DTN protocol can overcome network problems such as intermittent connectivity, long or variable delay, asymmetric data rates, and high error rates. TCP/IP protocol, a common network protocol currently used for the internet, cannot handle these problems. By using postfix and DTN2, we can build a DTN-based e-mail server that is capable of sending and receiving e-mails even the server is not continuously connected to a network. This also requires a new method to send and receive e-mails. Postfix is used for managing and processing e-mail users. DTN2 is used for processing e-mails into bundles and bundles into e-mails based on DTN protocol. This requires programs that integrate the postfix e-mail system with DTN2, implemented using bash shell and awk, for sending and receiving e-mail.The email system has been tested in the real condition using trains. The results show that the DTN based email system is working properly.

Theft and intrusion are crimes that often occur in neighborhoods when there is opportunity or negligence by owners and security personnel. Many studies have been carried out to improve environmental security by applying cameras as a surveillance medium. However, the camera is not optimal in detecting objects when the lighting conditions are lacking. Therefore, in this study, a monitoring and object detection system was built by applying the Illumination Invariant model. This model is used to improve the appearance of the image from light and shadow reflections. The process of detecting and identifying objects is done by using human facial features (face detection) captured by the camera. The camera used is a Logitec C270 Webcam 720p which is connected via a USB port on the Raspberry Pi 4. The Raspberry Pi 4 processes human face image data and sends the processing results to a MySQL database using the HTTP protocol. Data transmission is done using the Python Flask web framework. The system was successfully run 100% by using black box testing of all functional requirements. Tests on the object detection feature were carried out based on different lighting conditions 15 times by comparing the original image and the results of the Illumination Invariant implementation. Based on the test results obtained object detection accuracy of 86.7%.

The development of microcontroller technology that is rapidly making applications to be developed as a work in the field of technology that can help and facilitate human activities. Researchers see that current technological developments there are many uses of loadcell sensors to detect weight on objects. The number of factors that affect the weight difference between digital scales and scales very significant conventional. Therefore researchers analyzed the use of loadcell sensors for calculate solid and liquid objects and analyze the work system and the accuracy of the accuracy on the loadcell sensor in calculating the weight of solid objects and liquid objects.

In post-disaster rehabilitation efforts, the availability of telecommunication facilities takes important role. However, the process to improve telecommunication facilities in disaster area is risky if it is done by humans. Therefore, a network method that can work efficiently, effectively, and capable to reach the widest possible area is needed. This research introduces a cluster-based routing protocol named Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol (ACBRP) equipped by Ant Colony Optimization method, and its implementation in a simulator developed by author. After data analysis and statistical tests, it can be concluded that routing protocol ACBRP performs better than AODV and DSR routing protocol. Keywords: adaptive cluster based routing protocol (ACBRP), ant colony optimization, AODV, mobile ad-hoc network AbstrakPada upaya rehabilitasi pascabencana, ketersediaan fasilitas telekomunikasi memiliki peranan yang sangat penting. Namun, proses untuk memperbaiki fasilitas telekomunikasi di daerah bencana memiliki resiko jika dilakukan oleh manusia. Oleh karena itu, metode jaringan yang dapat bekerja secara efisien, efektif, dan mampu mencapai area seluas mungkin diperlukan. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan sebuah protokol routing berbasis klaster bernama Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol (ACBRP), yang dilengkapi dengan metode Ant Colony Optimization, dan diimplementasikan pada simulator yang dikembangkan penulis. Setelah data dianalisis dan dilakukan uji statistik, disimpulkan bahwa protokol routing ACBRP beroperasi lebih baik daripada protokol routing AODV maupun DSR. Kata Kunci: adaptive cluster based routing protocol (ACBRP), ant colony optimization, AODV, mobile ad-hoc network

Abstract-This paper is motivated by the human-elephant conflict that often occurs due to the narrowing of the elephant habitat caused by industrial and residential interests. In addition, the habitat breadth and the lack of elephant keepers also becomes a consideration. In this paper, we propose an elephant detector using radio frequency. The detector using KYL-200L as transmitter is mounted on the elephant necklace and the sensor nodes as transceivers are installed at some point in the outer boundaries of the elephant habitat. When an elephant is moving within the sensor node radius, the node will send information to the server to be displayed on surveillance computer, and an alert will be sent via SMS to the elephant keeper. The result shows that the maximum communication distance range obtained is 190 m, depending on the propagation and geographical location of the nodes. The average delay of SMS sending is 4.74 seconds depending on providers'traffic service. The differences on the elephant position detection caused by SMS delay are insignificant compared to the radius of the nodes and the elephant habitat.Intisari-Penulisan makalah ini dilatarbelakangi oleh konflik gajah dan manusia yang sering terjadi seiring dengan menyempitnya habitat gajah karena kepentingan industri dan pemukiman. Selain itu luasnya habitat gajah dan kurangnya tenaga pengawas gajah juga menjadi pertimbangan. Pada makalah ini dibuat alat deteksi keberadaan gajah berbasis frekuensi radio. Node sensor menggunakan KYL-200L dipasang pada kalung gajah sebagai transmitter, dan node sensor sebagai transceiver dipasang pada beberapa titik di batas luar habitat gajah. Ketika gajah bergerak dalam radius node sensor, node sensor akan mengirimkan data pembacaan ke server untuk ditampilkan pada komputer pemantau maupun SMS ponsel pemantau. Dari pengukuran hasil implementasi sensor diperoleh jarak jangkauan maksimal komunikasi transmitter dan transceiver adalah 190 m, bergantung pada propagasi dan letak geografis. Delay rata-rata pengiriman SMS adalah sebesar 4,74 detik, bergantung pada trafik operator selular. Perbedaan deteksi posisi gajah karena delay SMS tidak signifikan dibandingkan radius node maupun luas habitat gajah. Upaya pencegahan konflik gajah dengan manusia dilakukan dengan patroli keliling untuk mengarahkan gajahgajah liar kembali ke hutan apabila gajah memasuki ladang maupun kebun milik masyarakat. Namun upaya ini dinilai kurang efisien mengingat terbatasnya sumber daya manusia dibanding luas habitat gajah.Berdasarkan hal di atas, perlu adanya suatu sistem deteksi otomatis keberadaan gajah yang dapat menjangkau daerah yang luas. Sistem deteksi keberadaan gajah sudah pernah dikembangkan antara lain menggunakan GPS [9], sensor cahaya menggunakan laser yang terpasang di antara pohon [10], maupun deteksi dengan menggunakan sensor getaran yang dipasang di tanah [11], [12]. Sistem deteksi yang telah dibuat tersebut mempunyai kelemahan pada tingginya biaya pemasangan dan kurang efektif untuk populasi habitat yang besar [13].Kelemahan sistem d...