<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p class="p1"><span class="s1">A CMOS temperature sensor circuit with programmable temperature range is proposed for biomedical applications. The proposed circuit consists of temperature sensor core circuit and programmable temperature range digital interface circuit. Both circuits are able to be operated at 1.0 V. The proposed temperature sensor circuit is operated in weak inversion region of MOSFETs. The proposed digital interface circuit converts current into time using Current-to-Time Converter (ITC) and converts time to digital data using counter. Temperature range can be programmed by adjusting pulse width of the trigger and clock frequency of counter. The proposed circuit was simulated using HSPICE with 1P, 5M, 3-wells, 0.18-μm CMOS process (BSIM3v3.2, LEVEL53). From the simulation of proposed circuit, temperature range is programmed to be 0 °C to 100 °C, it is obtained that resolution of the proposed circuit is 0.392 °C with -0.89/+0.29 °C inaccuracy and the total power consumption is 22.3 μW in 25 °C.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p></div></div></div>
<p>A new high speed, low pedestal error bootstrapped CMOS sample and hold (S/H) circuit is proposed for high speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed circuit is made up of CMOS transmission gate (TG) switch and two new bootstrap circuits for each transistor in TG switch. Both TG switch and bootstrap circuits are used to decrease channel charge injection and on-resistance input signal dependency. In result, distortion can be reduced. The decrease of channel charge injection input signal dependency also makes the minimizing of pedestal error by adjusting the width of NMOS and PMOS of TG switch possible. The performance of the proposed circuit was evaluated using HSPICE 0.18-m CMOS process. For 50 MHz sinusoidal 1 V peak-to-peak differential input signal with a 1 GHz sampling clock, the proposed circuit achieves 2.75 mV maximum pedestal error, 0.542 mW power consumption, 90.87 dB SNR, 73.50 SINAD which is equal to 11.92 bits ENOB, -73.58 dB THD, and 73.95 dB SFDR.</p>
Education is very important in all aspects of life, both formal, non-formal and informal. Therefore, high-quality education is needed to develop quality human beings. Unfortunately, the current state of education shows the opposite. Curriculum mismatches, scarcity of high-quality resources, inadequate infrastructure, low levels of attainment, and lack of coordination among stakeholders all hinder problems that hinder the improvement of the quality of education. It requires the direct participation and cooperation of all stakeholders to achieve the common goal of improving the quality of education. In other words, genuine collaboration is needed to ensure that no function overlaps with another. Government, community, and schools are stakeholders in the world of education. What is meant by "community" is parents and the surrounding environment. While school is used to refer to students, lecturers, and administrators. This presentation will explore the critical nature of collaboration among all stakeholders to improve the quality of education.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.