ObjectivesYoga is an ancient form of physical activity (PA) that encompasses meditation, stretching and breathing techniques. Although the benefits of PA and associated lifestyle interventions are clear, we here addressed the paucity of evidence regarding the specific relationship between yoga and quality of life (QOL) in adults in Poland. We hypothesised that participation in PA and yoga could result in a positive impact on QOL.DesignCross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based survey. Both the quantitative and qualitative variables were statistically compared. Multivariate analyses were performed using linear regression. Results were determined based on age, sex and education level; a p<0.05 was considered significant.SettingQuestionnaires were delivered to participants online, at high schools and universities, and in elderly communities in Poland.Participants714 polish citizens aged over 18 participated in the study; there are no specific entry and exclusion criteria besides age.ResultsStatistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the QOL of the physically active group (PAG) and non-PAG (N-PAG). Meanwhile, yoga practice was revealed to have a significant effect on QOL; QOL was found to be statistically higher (p<0.001) in the PAG with yoga (PAG-Y) (4.29±0.66) than in the N-PAG (3.83±0.92) and PAG without yoga (4.07±0.68).ConclusionsThe study shows that both regular PA and yoga practices could improve QOL; however, PAG-Y produced higher QOL scores than PA of other types. This outcome may be explained by the impact of physiological and psychological aspects within yoga practice. These results suggest that this unique combination impacts health more positively than other kinds of PA alone.
Background: The aim of the research was to acquire knowledge as to how the development of scientific publications looks, while also to specify the scope of research on the area of ski tourism. The research process is concentrated on the following research questions: In what way has the scientific output developed in the field of research on ski tourism? Who is the principal participant (countries, universities, authors, titles of sources) in the accumulation of research in a particular field? Method: In the process of selecting the test sample as a source of bibliometric data the Scopus database was applied. The test sample (N=1500) consisted of publications that contained such phrases in their works as “ski tourism”, “ski hotels”, “ski resorts” in their titles or key words. A general profiling of publications was conducted in order to assess the trends in scientific output and the acknowledgement of the leading co-workers in the field of research. MS Excel was applied for the purpose of supporting the process of analysis and the visualization of results. Results: The analysis indicates that research on ski tourism is one of the aspects of great tradition. This has gained increasingly great interest among academic environments, which led to the breakthrough growth in the number of publications in 2006 indexed in the Scopus database. This publication output encompasses 26 research areas. Conclusions: The principal areas yielding the largest number of publications with regard to ski tourism are to be found in social sciences and science on the environment. The main authors and co-authors in this field are as follows: representatives from the EU and the USA, while the most productive research institution is Universität Innsbruck. The author of the greatest number of publications is Prof. Daniel Scott (University of Waterloo, Canada). The EU is one of the main sponsors.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is heterogenic subpopulation of T cells that is able to suppress function of effector cells during the immune response. Among them are natural (nTreg) and induced Treg (Tr1, Th3, CD4+CD25-). CD25, CD45Ro, CD152, GITR, LAG-3, several adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors as well as Toll-like receptors are present on the surface of Treg. Mechanism of suppression used by nTreg is not completely understood.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is heterogenic subpopulation of T cells that is able to suppress function of effector cells during the immune response. Among them are natural (nTreg) and induced Treg (Tr1, Th3, CD4+CD25-). CD25, CD45Ro, CD152, GITR, LAG-3, several adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors as well as Toll-like receptors are present on the surface of Treg. Mechanism of suppression used by nTreg is not completely understood.
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