4 college of Family Physicians in Poland 5 department of Family medicine, chair of internal diseases and gerontology, jagiellonian university medical college in krakow, Poland 6 academy of Physical Education in katowice, Poland 7 Polish society of Family medicine, Poland 8 department of Family medicine, wroclaw medical university, Poland A -study design, B -data collection, C -statistical analysis, D -data interpretation, E -manuscript Preparation, F -literature search, G -Funds collection the purpose of these guidelines is to attract attention to the need for systemic corrections in the existing health care model to become an effective tool for improving health. the intention of the authors is to present the assumptions of a new approach of physiotherapeutic treatment standards for patients with motor disorders in back pain syndromes: cervical, thoracic and lumbar--sacral, at the primary health care level. the current management provides care for this group of primary care patients mainly through pharmacotherapy and/or by referring them to an appropriate specialist outpatient clinic. in the latter situation, the waiting time from the appearance of pain to first contact with the physiotherapist in Poland is several months. in many patients, the symptoms of back pain are uncomplicated and require a few simple low-cost physiotherapeutic procedures (massage, simple physical therapy and kinesis therapy). in such cases, physiotherapeutic treatment should be based on the simple assessment of the patient's condition and planning therapy on this basis. this can be achieved by performing a functional examination and palpation assessment to determine which muscles and ligaments are responsible for pain. this evaluation provides a basis for establishing a physiotherapeutic strategy based on massage, physical therapy and kinesitherapy. in addition, simple instruction on self-massage, self-physiotherapy and self--kinesitherapy should be provided, as well as the need for orthotic supplies and other technical assistance ought to be considered. the potential effects of such a form of primary care activation include: increase of the possibility to have influence, using directed simple physical factors, on a particular motion system disorder by the patient himself/herself, support of the rehabilitation process performed by a physiotherapist in the primary care and specialist outpatient clinic setting and shaping conscious pro-health attitudes in primary care patients. Key words: primary care physician, physiotherapy, back pain syndromes. Summary
Obesity is a major issue affecting not only adults but also children in many places of the world. There are numerous methods for estimating the body fat percentage, however, all of those methods are different in terms of availability, accuracy, and the cost of an individual examination. The aim of this study was to compare two relatively easy and widespread measurement methods for assessing skinfold thickness: the BodyMetrix BX2000 ultrasound machine and a classic GPM caliper. Fifty-eight young women aged 19–24 years with normative body weight participated in the study. We found that although the measurements performed by both methods are positively correlated, the obtained values were different. In seven out of nine measured points, these differences were statistically significant. The measurements of skin fat folds with a caliper showed a higher value of subcutaneous tissue compared to ultrasound measurements. Only the values of measurements on the pectoral and mid-axillary did not differ between the methods. We conclude that due to the significant discrepancies in the values of measured skinfold thickness, appropriate measurement tools and dedicated formulas estimating the amount of body fat should be used.
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