Significant progress has been made recently in reducing the negative impact of vehicles on the environment. The said progress mainly involves the reduction of exhaust emissions through the advancement of powertrains, the use of alternative fuels, preservation of natural resources and waste minimisation through recycling of end-of-life vehicles as well as reduction of noise emission. The greatest progress, however, can be achieved by the appropriate design of transport systems particularly since most of the vehicles in use are fitted with conventional drive systems.Significant change in the level of environment pollution from automotive sources can be made through the application of traffic organisation solutions such as the design of road infrastructure hubs or traffic flow management in urban areas. In contrast to many other measures, the optimisation of traffic flow organisation has a huge advantage because it does not affect exclusively the selected but all vehicles involved in the traffic flow. This paper describes steps and basic guidelines related to the creation of a sustainable transport systems model. The model may be used to design environmentally-friendly transport systems that reduce negative environmental impact from vehicles and guarantee the efficient use of the road transport network.
Manufacturers and owners of rolling stock must allow for ecological aspects when conducting their activities. One of the possibilities of reducing the negative impact of rolling stock on the environment is the proper disposal of the end-oflife rolling stock. There are no regulations related to the recovery and recycling of rolling stock but owing to social responsibility and the possible economic benefits, we may find a plethora of examples of such actions. The paper describes the rules related to the end-of-life rolling stock treatment and the procedure of the disposal of rolling stock. The paper also presents the recovery rate of the applied materials and the recovery potential of selected rail vehicles.
The paper presents an attempt to evaluate the exhaust emissions generated by transport in the Poznan agglomeration. The basis for the modeling of the exhaust emissions was the on-going characteristics of the individual groups of vehicles and a forecasted structure change of these groups for the years 2012-2030. The determination of average on-road emissions as a function of daily distance covered by individual vehicle groups was the basis for the determination of the change in the annual pollution. The assumed values of the exhaust emission concentrations from passenger vehicles were based on the performed tests under actual traffic conditions while for the other categories the authors adopted the test results of earlier works of the research team with the Chair of Combustion Engines at Poznan University of Technology. In the paper the authors assumed an increase in the share of vehicles meeting the latest applicable emission standards as well as changes in the distance covered by the vehicles. The result of the analysis will be accumulated annual exhaust emissions for a given vehicle category operating in the Poznan agglomeration.
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