This research describes a new persuasion knowledge measure for older consumers which can be applied for both diagnostic and preventive purposes. Persuasion knowledge refers to information, attitudes, beliefs and schemas guiding our behaviour in situations where persuasion is involved. Many older consumers belong to a specific, vulnerable group, who often fail to maintain their interest in persuasive situations, so the proposed measure could serve a better understanding of their behaviour. First, a new, situation-based achievement measure, entitled 'Persuasion Knowledge Achievement Measure' (PKAM), was developed in university samples (N 5 530) in several stages. Afterwards, the developed measure was adapted to older individuals, resulting in the Persuasion Knowledge Achievement Measure for Older People (PKAM-OP). Following a pilot study with personally-assisted data collection (N 5 50), the examinees were reached through an elderly care network in a two-stage procedure (N 5 183, N 5 116). The psychometric analyses of the data show a high level of reliability and validity for both tests. The results of the main research studies indicate that there are two subscales of the measure: 'Agreeableness' and 'Persuasion Knowledge'. Based on the empirical data, the subscales provide reliable measures of features which guide behaviour in persuasive situations. In sum, PKAM-OP can fulfil theoretical and practical needs in research and prevention interventions focusing on older consumers. K E Y W O R D S ageing, measurement, persuasion, persuasion knowledge, protection, vulnerable wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijcs Int J Consum Stud. 2017;41:706-713.
A világ egyik legnagyobb sportrendezvényét a 2017-es Vizes Világbajnokságot és Masters Világbajnokságot Magyarországon rendezik. Jelen tanulmány a mega sportrendezvény társadalmi hatásait tárgyalja, és néhány hangsúlyos befolyásoló tényezőt vesz számba. A szerzők a nyári kezdés előtt 6 hónappal, a felkészülési időszakban vizsgálták a jövő managereinek vélekedéseit a feltárt társadalmi hatásokkal és az azonosított társadalmi és sportági befolyásoló tényezőkkel összefüggésben. Az empirikus kutatás helyszíne az ország legnagyobb hallgatói létszámmal bíró felsőoktatási intézménye a Debreceni Egyetem volt.
A tanulmány az idősoktatás hazai egyetemekhez kötődő folyamatait tekinti át. Választ ad arra a kérdésre, hogy hol és milyen feltételekkel hoznak létre Magyarországon Idősek Egyetemeit. Beazonosítva a térségenként vezető felsőoktatási intézményeket igyekszik számba venni minden olyan kezdeményezést, ami idősek oktatására irányul felsőfokon.
Objective Stigma towards people with mental health problems is a growing issue across the world, to which healthcare providers might contribute. The aim of the present study was to explore psychiatrists’ attitudes towards their patients and link them to psychosocial and professional factors. Methods An online questionnaire was used to approach the in- and outpatient psychiatric services across Hungary. A total of 211 trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry participated in our study. Their overall stigmatizing attitudes were measured, with focus on attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, and social distance dimensions by using the self-report Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to elucidate the dimensions of stigma and its association with sociodemographic, professional and personal traits. Results Stigmatizing attitudes of close colleagues towards patients were statistically significant predictors of higher scores on the attitude [B = 0.235 (0.168–0.858), p = 0.004], the disclosure and help-seeking subscales [B = 0.169 (0.038–0.908), p = 0.033], and the total score of the OMS-HC [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Psychiatrists who had already sought help for their own problems had lower scores on the disclosure and help-seeking subscale [B = 0.202 (0.248–1.925), p = 0.011]. The overall stigmatizing attitude was predicted by the openness to participate in case discussion, supervision or Balint groups [B = 0.166 (0.178–5.886), p = 0.037] besides the more favorable attitudes of their psychiatrist colleagues [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Conclusions The favorable attitudes of psychiatrists are associated with their own experiences with any kind of psychiatric condition, previous help-seeking behavior and the opportunity to work together with fellow psychiatrists, whose attitudes are less stigmatizing. The perception of fellow colleagues’ attitudes towards patients and the openness to case discussion, supervision and Balint groups were the main two factors that affected the overall attitudes towards patients; therefore, these should be considered when tailoring anti-stigma interventions for psychiatrists.
Introduction, aims:The COVID-19 pandemic caused invaluable harms on the World during last two years. Among all economic and societal consequences the negative effects for elderly people was also apparent. Researches - among others - focused on the age related inequalities for accessing and using services, economic disadvantages, the decline of psychical, physical and mental conditions, reduced quality of life, increased level of loneliness, stress and depression, such as the increase and new faces of ageism.This research focused on the individual and organizational consequences of COVID – 19 pandemic and the effects of the state interventions followed by. The target group were identified as active seniors who have leading positions in different local and regional senior’s associations. These people were affected individually as a member of the age group and as an experts with organizational responsibilities as well. Research method:We chose a qualitative follow up (longitudinal) research method that was committed by semi structured phone interviews, recorded and anonymised. The time of the two data record focused and followed the main Hungarian waves of the pandemic: May – June in 2020 and June – July in 2021. Sample were collected from all districts of Hungary (n=42). Main research topics were:- The situation of the older adults (experiences about the local older people, daily life, problems, issues, social connections)- The life in the organization (activities, new initiatives, problems, issues)- Individual experiences (fears, daily life, social connections, shopping habits, use of ICT, vaccination). Results:We found significant differences on the personal life situation and the perception of pandemic and related interventions during the two waves. Pandemic situation may influenced these results. The age related “stay at home campaign” made more difficulties for the older people during the first wave, meanwhile related interventions weren’t so strict during the second wave by introducing shopping timeline for older people and night curfew for all in the late nights. Even first wave did not cause such harm like the second one in Hungary.During the first wave we found older people as a rule following citizens. They followed all the restrictions and regulations strictly. Life situations mainly were determined by the living conditions, that is means the ones who lived in the countryside mainly a house with garden experienced less negative effects than those, who lived in the housing estate area (first wave mainly fall on March – May).Older people reported increased importance of the local authorities. With the lack of central supporting interventions, local authorities played main role for local support, care and security. If the local government took care of older people they felt safety. Less interventions and coordination made older people insecured.The second wave made new situations for people. Older adults became one of the first target groups in vaccination and people started to cope with the pandemic.Older adults became more critical with governmental interventions.Critics focussed on the- pandemic related communication, the vaccination (older people mainly got Shinofarm vaccine that was not accepted in the EU at that time),- difficulties with the availability of health services, and- they experienced increased economic problems.The life in the organization: during the first wave we found frozen life of the seniors organization, cancelled and delayed programmes. Some initiatives were also reported. People preferred to keep contact via phone instead of using another ICT tools. Some of the answerer worried about the community life, how they can restart after the pandemic, others preferred the forthcoming chance for personal meetings.Seniors organisations may play an important role of the senior’s life by organizing free time and social activities, advocacy, and many other aspects of active ageing. As we made a first extract of this research further analyse will focus more on the good examples and new initiatives on the social, community and organizational levels.
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