W pracy zaprezentowano wybrane aspekty zagadnień globalizacyjnych i konkurencyjnych zachodzących na rynkach Unii Europejskiej. Głównym celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie i krótka analiza wybranych programów i projektów unijnych oraz przedstawienie efektów ich wdrożenia w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. Projekty i programy dotyczą przede wszystkim zatrudnienia pracowników w przedsiębiorstwach, czyli aktywizacji zawodowej osób. W ostatniej części pracy dokonano analizy statystycznej dotyczącej dostępu do rynku pracy we wszystkich województwach w Polsce. Analizy tej dokonano w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju przede wszystkim w sensie społecznym. Autorzy przedstawili regiony, które najlepiej prowadzą politykę zrównoważonego rozwoju.
Municipal authorities increasingly view environmental protection as one of the goals of city management. The pro-environmental orientation of cities can, therefore, foster the creation of new management methods and instruments and promote reorganization of determining material flows in a municipal system. Activities of this kind should result not only in the reduction of generated waste but also in the creation of closed material cycles. Considering the tasks of Polish local governments, municipalities should pay the most attention to municipal waste. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to identify the problem of mixed municipal waste in cities and assess the influence of investments into fixed assets for environmental protection in the scope of waste management on the quantity of mixed municipal waste in cities. This article also identifies activities for circular resource management that need to be realized by Polish municipalities. The analysis was performed using the panel model, dynamic indexes, and critical analysis of city documents. The conducted research revealed positive trends in cities with respect to the amount of waste collected non-selectively that is conducive to circular resource management. The fact that municipal waste quantity is on the increase should encourage urban authorities to promote pro-environmental waste management behaviors among city dwellers.
This article aims to propose a methodological framework to determine the degree of the dynamic impact of the effect of activities in the field of sustainable waste logistics on the development of trade in recyclable raw materials in the chosen countries of the European Union, especially in Poland and Hungary. In order to determine the dynamic interdependence between the indicated phenomena, econometric tools associated with the vector autoregression model were used, namely: Granger causality tests, impulse response function and variance decomposition of forecast errors. The tools used will not only identify the direction of the causal interdependence between the effects of sustainable logistics activities and the development of trade in recyclable raw materials, but also allow to determine the strength of the interaction between these variables. The conducted research shows that changes in the environmental effects of waste logistics activities are the Granger cause of changes occurring in the trade of renewable raw materials, especially in Hungary. Considering adequately delayed values of the synthetic development measure of the environmental effects of waste logistics increases the accuracy of predictions for changes in the trade of recyclable raw materials.
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