<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong>Tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies have always posed a challenge to the ENT surgeon as they present with varied symptomatology ranging from a simple cough and fever to more grave respiratory distress. It requires a strong suspicion, early diagnosis and timely intervention to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality .This study was undertaken to highlight our experiences in handling cases of tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies (FB) at our setup.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong>It is a retrospective case series study conducted in S. Nijalingappa Medical College between January 2011 and January 2015. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong>Most commonly affected were children between 1year to 3years of age. Chronic cough and wheeze were the commonest presenting symptoms. Vegetative foreign body was found to be the commonest variety of foreign body. The mortality rate in our study was 4.7% (n=3).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong>A good clinical acumen, team work, early diagnosis and timely intervention are all needed to reduce the overall mortality and morbidity associated with tracheo- bronchial foreign bodies.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour originating from minor salivary glands. It is known for perineural spread, local recurrences and distant metastasis. The minor salivary gland tumour represents 3% of all head and neck neoplasms, whereas ACC constitutes about 0.5% of all malignant salivary gland neoplasms. This study was done to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological findings of minor salivary gland tumour.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done in the department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from May 2017 to July 2019. Of the 25 patients with minor salivary gland tumour, 10 patients with ACC were considered for the present study. A detailed clinical and histopathological evaluation was done. Results were documented and tabulated in excel sheet. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We analysed data of 25 (16 female, 9 male) patients in the age group of 30-60 years, of which 10 patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma of minor salivary gland tumour. The most frequent site of tumour occurrence was noted in the hard palate (6 patients), followed by retromolar trigone (2 patients), floor of mouth (1 patient) and tongue (1 patient). The histopathological pattern noted most commonly in our study: cribriform pattern (6 cases), tubular (1 case) and solid (3 cases).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ACC of minor salivary glands is rare. The otorhinolaryngologist should bear this clinical entity in mind when encountered with a painless swelling over the hard palate. This would lead to an early diagnosis and prompt management in such patients.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is a clinical entity due to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the pharynx. It can be considered as an extraesophageal syndrome of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of the present study is to study the clinical profile of LPR and their response to treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 consecutive patients attending the outpatient department of ENT, presenting with a clinical profile of LPR were selected in the present study. The patients’ symptoms were evaluated based on the reflux symptom index (RSI) and was followed by an endoscopic examination of larynx and a scoring was made based on reflux finding score (RFS). An RSI score of ≥13 and RFS of >7 were considered for starting patients on LPR treatment. The patients were then put on treatment and followed up for 3 months. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study population the most common symptom was foreign body sensation in throat (52%). The most common sign noted on endoscopic examination of larynx was hyperemia/erythema of laryngeal tissue particularly bilateral arytenoids. Majority of our patients responded well to combination of pantoprazole (40 mg) and domperidon (30 mg) for 4 weeks. This was evaluated in terms of reduction in the RSI and RFS scores.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LPR is more commonly encountered clinical entity and the otorhinolaryngologist should bear it in mind while treating patients for chronic complaints of throat pain, change in voice etc. Appropriate diagnosis and management of LPR can prevent unwarranted use of antibiotics and surgeries in these patients.</p>
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