In this study, micro propagation of two Iranian fenugreek populations and their morphological and biochemical responses to salinity and drought stresses in in vitro culture condition were conducted using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in three replications. Different explant type (terminal bud, cotyledon and epicotyledon explant) were cultured in MS medium contain different concentration of plant growth regulators such as kin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg / l) and 2,4-D (0.5, 1 and 2 mg / l). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l 2,4-D showed the highest callus proliferation rate per explants in both populations. The highest amount of callus volume was obtained from the explants of the terminal bud. Proliferated calli from terminal bud explant were green and yellowish, from cotyledon were yellowish to white with soft texture, and the cotyledons were greenish and compact. The results of salinity stresses with different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 70 and 120 mM) and drought stress with polyethylene glycol (0, 5 and 10%) showed that both stresses decreased callus growth and increased total protein, proline, catalase, peroxidase and trigonelin content in both populations. Trigonelin measurement showed that ‘Borazjan’ papulation had higher trigonelin content, in vitro, than ‘Ardestan’ papulation.
Banking sector has been one of the fastest growing sectors in Iran due to changes in regulations in private banks. In this paper, we perform a survey on the effect of structure of financing on banking performance. The main question of this survey is whether there is any relationship between different methods of financing private banks in terms of their performances. The survey investigates relationship between changes in debt ratio with return of assets, between changes in time dependent investments and return of assets, between changes in long-term investments and return of assets. Finally, we study whether there is a relationship between changes in ratio of total equities to total assets on return of assets. The proposed study of this paper considers three private banks whose shares have been traded on Tehran Stock Exchange namely Eghtesad Novin, Parsian and Saman. The information has been collected over the period 2006-2010. The results of this study indicates that there are some positive and meaningful relationships between changes in time dependent investments, changes in long-term investments ratio of total equities to total assets with return of assets. However, the study did not find any meaningful relationship between changes in total equities to total assets and return of assets.
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