Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition prevalent among both developed and developing countries where it is seen mostly in females. It has been linked to various skeletal and non-skeletal diseases. This study was done to find out the distribution of Vitamin D deficiency attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The six months study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2019. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the institute where we conducted the study. Convenient sampling was done. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Out of 170 participants, the distribution of vitamin D deficiency was 24 (14.1%) and insufficient vitamin D in 59 (34.7%) of the patients. The mean serum vitamin D concentration by gender was 33.20±13.10ng/ml in males and 29.85±9.99 ng/ml in females. Mean age of deficient cases are 18.25±23.47 years and for sufficient cases mean age is 6.92±7.36 years. A total of 16 females and 8 males had vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent especially in girl child.
Background We aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pre‐diabetes (pre‐DM) among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Bangladesh. We also examined the association between type of TB and hyperglycaemia as an adjunct to the primary objective. Materials and Methods This cross‐sectional analytical study recruited 350 TB patients (175 PTB and 175 EPTB) from two tertiary care hospitals specialized for TB treatment. Oral glucose tolerance tests and fasting plasma glucose measurements were carried out for unknown glycaemic status and those with previously known diabetes, respectively. Results Overall, the prevalence of T2D and pre‐DM was 19.1% (new 85.1%, old 14.9%) and 34.3%, respectively. Although the risk factors were highly prevalent among the patients with EPTB, a higher proportion of T2D (26.3%) and pre‐DM (34.3%) was detected among the patients with PTB. The proportion of impaired fasting glucose was low in both groups, but a high trend of impaired glucose tolerance was observed across the groups, with a higher proportion (35.4%) in the PTB group. Both pre‐DM and T2D showed significantly higher odds (pre‐DM, AOR: 4.488; CI: 2.531–7.958; p < .001 and T2D, AOR: 4.280; CI: 2.305–7.946; p < .001) for having PTB. Conclusion The prevalence of T2D and pre‐DM was higher among the patients with PTB, and it (PTB) appeared as a predictor of hyperglycaemia. It indicates the primary intervention should target the patients with PTB to get the maximum benefit of screening to reduce the number of risk factors, disease burden and subsequent complications.
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