Refractive error is one of the most common cases of visual impairment around and it is quite common among the children but neglected. Children of age 5-15 years constitute a large portion of the country population. If the refractive errors may not corrected lead to reduced vision (amblyopia) and strabismus. Main ophthalmic problem in children is refractive errors and maximum children live in rural area of Bangladesh but a few studies on such ground had been carried out previously. Therefore it is matter of investigation in this ground. As such study of refractive error of age 5-15 years of low health facilitated area like Chapainawabgonj district situated in the North West Zone of Bangladesh have been considered in this study. On basis of the collected 500 samples the prevalence of refractive error has been computed and it was found to be 9.2% which is similar with the existing study.TAJ 2016; 29(1): 1-6
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well known for causing an acute respiratory disease, a number of patients after they get recovered from acute infection, subsequently experience a constellation of symptoms and events that lasts for more than 3 months. Adequate clinical data are now accumulating on the subacute and long-term effects of Covid-19 and can involve multiple organ systems. This spectrum of symptoms and late manifestations are thought to have a possible link with the covid-19 and this condition is named LONG COVID or POST-COVID. Some of the patients may show the ongoing evidence of cardiovascular damage on long term without having symptoms which may be picked up by different imaging modalities like CMR. There has been an increase in the number of COVID-19 patients in an exponential fashion so as to cause a collapse in the healthcare system in many countries across the world, with an effect not only on public health, but also on social and economic activities. University Heart Journal 2022; 18(2): 118-124
We report a case of complete heart block (CHB) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its atypical presentation, negative Anti CCP and one of the uncommon causes of CHB. It occurs mainly in patients with established erosive nodular RA. It is usually sudden and permanent. It has several mechanisms, but the most common cause is infiltration in or near the AV node or bundle of His. If CHB develop the best option of treatment is the insertion of a permanent pacemaker. The prognosis is usually good provided no other cardiac lesions exist. University Heart Journal 2022; 18(2): 132-134
Clinicians have long recognized that acute myocardial infarction (MI) can occur in the absence of atherothrombosis . The Universal Definition of MI Global Taskforce introduced a classification system in 2007 (and reaffirmed in 2012) that defined type 2 MI (following standard diagnostic criteria) as MI occurring due to an imbalance in myocardial oxygen supply and/or demand not caused by atherosclerotic plaque disruption. Nevertheless, ambiguity remains regarding how to diagnose type 2 MI and how to distinguish it from both type 1 MI and myocardial injury. Here we report a case of a 23 year old young woman attended to emergency department, with typical chest pain and shortness of breath for 6 hours, Diarrhoea for 2 days, and single time loss of consciousness for 5 minutes, 6 hours before attending to hospital. Cardiac enzymes were rising titres in subsequent samples, Serum Creatinine was also high. Echocardiography performed 36 hour later, showed no regional wall motion abnormality, coronary angiogram showed normal coronary arteries. So, a diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction (Type 2 MI) with Non Obstructive Coronary Artery (MINOCA) was made, and MINOCA was attributed to hypovolemic shock (resulting from Dirrrahoea), manifested as MI, Syncope and AKI. University Heart Journal 2022; 18(2): 128-131
Rickets is a disease of bone mineralization of growth plate. Refractory rickets can be caused by distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis (RTA). A number of conditions can result in distal RTA and Wilson's disease is an uncommon entity. Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with diverse presentations. We describe a case of refractory rickets due to distal RTA, caused by Wilson's disease. Diagnosis of Wilson's disease was confirmed with presence of Kayser-Fleischer (K-F) rings and high urinary copper. Further investigations revealed urinary acidification defect with hypercalciuria pointing towards distal RTA. He was treated with penicillamine & oral Zinc and significant clinical improvement was observed.
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