This paper discusses how the democratization process that took place for the first time in Egypt, which was marked by the election of President Mohammad Morsi and the victory of Islamic groups' votes in parliament through this general election, did not run smoothly. The military, which has long been in an important position in Egypt, is not standing still. The democratic process in Egypt was marred by the coup carried out by the military group against the Morsi government on July 3, 2013. Through an analysis based on pretorian theory and the concept of military intervention in politics, this paper shows the dominance of the military as a very dominant actor in Egypt. Pretorian theory, in particular, emphasizes the dominant role of the military in all important political institutions, including political leaders. The military, which was previously allied with the Muslim Brotherhood and supported the Egyptian revolution that resulted in the ouster of President Mubarak, turned into opponents when IM won a majority in the Egyptian parliamentary elections. The military saw that the voice of Islamic groups was no longer in line with its interests, so the 2013 coup against Muhammad Morsi took place.
Putusnya hubungan bilateral Arab Saudi dan Iran pada tahun 2016 menjadikan pertanda kembalinya ketegangan antara hubungan Arab Saudi dan Iran. Hubungan konfliktual selalu mewarnai hubungan antara Arab Saudi dan Iran, terutama pasca 1979. Revolusi Islam Iran 1979 adalah sebuah peristiwa yang menjadi titik mula dimana hubungan kedua negara menjadi tegang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa akar penyebab dari ketegangan antara Arab Saudi dan Iran di Timur Tengah ini disebabkan karena faktor-faktor non-material. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menjabarkan mengenai sejarah terbentuknya Sunni-Syi’ah, penerapannya dalam Negara Arab Saudi dan Iran, serta hubungan Arab Saudi dan Iran pasca Revolusi Iran. Selanjutnya, penulis menganalisisnya dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme untuk dapat memahami lebih baik hubungan konfliktual antar kedua negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Pasca revolusi, Iran menjadikan ideologi Syi’ah sebagai dasar negaranya. Berubahnya identitas Iran menjadi negara teokratis Syi’ah ini mengubah cara pandang Arab Saudi dan Iran terhadap satu sama lain. Hal ini disebabkan karena pertentangan ideologi yang dianut oleh kedua negara, Arab Saudi dengan Sunni, dan Iran dengan Syi’ah. Pertentangan ini kemudian mempengaruhi hubungan bilateral Arab Saudi dan Iran dan juga hubungan kedua negara di kawasan Timur Tengah.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.