We present the first Organ-on-Chip equipped with a low-impedance Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) MicroElectrode Array (MEA). The novel device allows simultaneous mechanical stimulation with a stretchable PDMS membrane and electrical monitoring via the PEDOT:PSS MEA of multiple in vitro cell cultures. The surface area enhancement and the morphology of the PEDOT:PSS allows an increase of the charge injection per unit area at the electrode-electrolyte interface, resulting in significantly lower electrochemical impedance of the electrodes. In particular, at 1 kHz the fabricated PEDOT-MEA electrodes show a reduction of the overall impedance up to 99.4 and 93.3 % in comparison with benchmark TiN and Pt electrodes. The superior performance of PEDOT:PSS were also confirmed via Cyclic Voltammetry measurement, in which PEDOT:PSS showed a very large capacitive current, compared with the benchmark electrodes both in the forward and the reverse scans. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PEDOT:PSS coating, and introduce this material in the OOC field. Moreover, the quality and morphology of the fabricated PEDOT:PSS based electrodes were assessed via SEM imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Index Terms-Organ-on-chip, microelectrode array, PEDOT:PSS, PDMS. I. INTRODUCTION O RGAN-ON-CHIPS (OOCs) are in vitro models, which replicate the minimal functional unit of an organ by combining advanced polymer chip technology with
This work presents the first multi-well plate that allows for simultaneous mechanical stimulation and electrical monitoring of multiple in-vitro cell cultures in parallel. Each well of the plate is equipped with an Organ-on-Chip (OOC) device consisting of a stretchable micro-electrode array (MEA). For the first time, a film assisted molding (FAM) process was employed to embed an OOC into a multi well plate format packaging. The functionality of the MEA in the device was assessed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the plate was demonstrated with cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cultured in the wells.
In this paper, a nonlinear independent component analysis (NICA) extraction method for brain signal based EEG-P300 are proposed. The performance of the proposed method is investigated through a comparison of well-known extraction methods (i.e., AAR, JADE, and SOBI algorithms). Finally, the promising results reported here reflect the considerable potential of EEG for the continuous classification of mental states. Index Terms-Brain computer interface (BCI), Classification accuracy, Transfer rate, Nonlinear, ICA Electroencephalogram (EEG).
Many articles have reported a correlation between the use of mechanical stimulation and an enhancement in cultivation of various tissues engineered in bioreactors. The enhancement includes improvements in cell growth, proliferation, and functionalities. The aim of this report is to review the mechanical functionalities of tissue engineering bioreactors in terms of the forms of stimulation, types of stress, actuators, supporting modules, and, most importantly, efficacy. The Google Scholar database was searched for relevant articles. Three forms of simulation were reported: uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial. The types of stress exerted by bioreactors include compression, tension, shear, and dynamic stresses, which are applied solely or mutually depending on the number of axes involved. Mechanical stimulation could be actuated by stepper motors, pistons, pneumatic pumps, diaphragm pumps, piezoelectric systems, or dielectric charges. Additional modules, such as incubators, flow perfusion systems, ultrasound sensors, movement controls, and electrodes, can also support the mechanical functions of bioreactors. The efficacy of a bioreactor could be determined by investigating the biomechanical and histological properties of the engineered tissues. To facilitate the development of mechanical functionalities for tissue engineering bioreactors in the future, a seven-step framework is proposed.
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