Introduction Contraception is a good indicator of the extent to which couples have access to reproductive health services. Survey data on unmet need can provide overall direction by helping to pinpoint the obstacles in society and weaknesses in services that need to be overcome. This study is significant as it provides strong policy recommendations for the design and implementation of economic and non-economic interventions into family planning utilization by all eligible women. Objective To Identify Predictors of Unmet Need of Family Planning in Ethiopia. Methods A national level survey by performance monitoring and accountability (PMA 2020), which conducted between March and April 2016 among 7552 all women of 15–49 years were utilized. Stata® version13 were used for survey data for analysis using weighted frequency to give equal chances for enumeration areas represented. Binary and multivariate logistic regression employed. P -value < 0.05 were used to declare independent predictors of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. Result 7494 women responded to the interview giving response rate of 99.2%. Overall unmet need for family planning was 1, 214 (16.2%) of which 772 (10.3%) was for spacing and 450 (6.0%) for limiting. Overall unmet need was 540 (7.2%) in urban and 1431(19.1%) in rural areas of the Ethiopia. Statistically significant predictors with this were found to be women’s age 0.73 AOR [95% C.I 0.6–0.9], being lower wealth 0.22 AOR [95% C.I 0.07–0.6] as compared to lowest, parity 2.1 AOR [95% C.I 1.4–2.9], number of children at first use of contraceptive 1.1 AOR [95% C.I 1.03–1.19], having final say with provider 0.03 AOR [95% C.I 0.003–0.23] as compared with own decision making. Conclusion Unmet need of family planning in Ethiopia was generally high especially with significant disparity in residence and regional states. Socio-demographic factors (age and wealth status) and obstetric factor (parity) were found to be significant factor. Informed decision making for provision of contraceptives and enhancing women’s awareness starting their childbearing life with family planning were recommended.

Background Worldwide cardiovascular disease is the major cause of disability and premature death. This is due to the ascending trend of consuming an unhealthy diet and obesity which increases the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of the cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia. Methods Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were accessed using medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for studies based in Ethiopia, from 2000 to 2018. However, studies done among a specific group of the population were excluded from the study. Data were extracted by one reviewer and then checked independently by a second reviewer. Studies were qualitatively synthesis in terms of design, quality, study population, outcomes, and result. Sub-group analysis and sensitivity tests were conducted to identify potential influences on the prevalence estimates. Quantitative results were pooled in a statistical meta-analysis using STATA version 14 software. Result Nine eligible cross-sectional studies were included in the analysis. The prevalence ranges from 1 to 20%. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was 5% (95% CI: 3–8%). The prevalence was higher in the population who visits hospitals, 8% (95% CI: 4–12%) compared to the general population, 2% (95% CI: 1–5%). There was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of CVD between males and females. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was high. A higher prevalence of CVD was found among patients who visited health institutions than the general population and no observed significant sex difference in the prevalence

BackgroundWomen’s decision-making power regarding reproductive health and rights (RHR) was the central component to achieve reproductive well-being. Literatures agree that a women having higher domestic decision-making power regarding their health care were more likely to utilize health services. More than 80% of women in Ethiopia reside in rural areas where they considered as the subordinates of their husbands. This would restrict women to fully exercise their RHR. Thus, this study aims to determine the factors influencing the women’s decision-making power regarding RHR in Mettu rural district, South West Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was done among 415 by using randomly selected married women of reproductive age from March to April 2017. Data was entered by using Epi-data manger 1.4 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out.ResultOne hundred sixty-eight (41.5%) of the women had greater decision-making power regarding RHR. Woman’s primary education AOR 2.62[95% C. I 1.15, 5.97], secondary (9+) education AOR 3.18[95% C. I 1.16, 8.73] and husband’s primary education AOR 4.0[95% C. I 1.53, 10.42], secondary (9+) education AOR 3.95 [95% C. I 1.38, 11.26], being knowledgeable about RHR AOR 3.57 [95% C. I 1.58, 8.09], marriage duration of more than 10 years AOR 2.95 [95% C. I 1.19, 7.26], access to micro-credit enterprises AOR 4.26[95% C. I 2.06, 8.80], having gender equitable attitude AOR 6.38 [95% C. I 2.52, 12.45] and good qualities of spousal relation AOR 2.95 [95% C. I 1.30, 6.64] were positively influencing women’s decision-making power regarding RHR.ConclusionMore than four in ten rural women had greater decision-making power regarding RHR. External pressures (qualities of spousal relation, gender equitable attitude) and knowledge about RHR were found to influence women’s decision-making power. Public health interventions targeting women’s RHR should take into account strengthening rural micro-credit enterprises, qualities of spousal relations and priority should be given to women with no formal education of husband or herself and marriage duration of < 5 years.

Introduction: Nowadays, breast self-examination (BSE) is a breast cancer screening method that identifies breast mass by the woman herself. However, it is not widely practiced due to various problems. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of BSE practice and associated factors among female secondary school teachers in Gammo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 247 female secondary school teachers, from March 1 to 30, 2018. Participants were selected using the lottery method. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data manager 4.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression was employed. Results: Of 82 respondents, 34.3% had ever performed BSE. Among these, only 32 (13.4%) had practiced BSE monthly (regularly). Being knowledgeable on BSE [AOR=2.84, 95% CI (1.41, 5.72)], ever heard about BSE [AOR=2.26, 95% CI (1.07, 4.77)], being married [AOR=4.09, 95% CI (1.64, 10.22)], having less perceived barrier to BSE [AOR=2.62, 95% CI (1.26, 5.46)], having high perceived confidence [AOR=3.63, 95% CI (1.79, 7.39)] and motivation to BSE [AOR=3.29, 95% CI (1.15, 9.45)] were significant predictors of BSE practice. Conclusion: In this study, one in three women had ever practiced BSE, whereas about one in seven women regularly practiced BSE. The main reasons for not practicing BSE were: not knowing how to perform BSE and forgetfulness (for regular practice). Therefore, integrated work on behavioral change communication and interferences that focus on improving knowledge of BSE, and skills on how to perform BSE is needed. Additionally, the identified domains of the health belief model (perceived barrier, perceived confidence, and perceived motivation) may be the most effective strategies that should be considered by Gammo Gofa Zonal health and educational offices.

Background Subdermal contraceptive implant is the most widely used method of long-acting reversible contraception among Ethiopian women. Many, however, discontinue use early, which results in unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions and their associated complications. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of and reasons for discontinuation of the contraceptive implant among users in the Kersa district of southwestern Ethiopia. Methods A mixed-method study was carried out between March and April 2019 among 475 women who had been using the contraceptive implant between January 2015 and August 2016 in the Kersa district. Systematic random sampling was used for quantitative data collection and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data collection using 8 focus group discussion and 56 In-depth interviews. A binary logistic regression was carried out for bivariate and multivariable analyses. Results One hundred and ten (23.2 %) contraceptive implant users requested removal before 2.5 years of use. The main reasons for the discontinuation were side effects, followed by a desire for pregnancy or to switch to another contraceptive method and misconceptions. Implant discontinuation was associated with a lack of information prior to insertion on the effectiveness of modern contraception (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.0; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 3.55), being served by a midwife or nurse (adjusted OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.04, 3.23), and not being told to return to the health facility if any side effects were experienced (adjusted OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.01, 3.19) (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Almost a quarter of the study participants discontinued use of the contraceptive implant before the due date. Public health interventions should focus on providing adequate awareness for family planning users, trainings for the health care workers on effective counselling services, especially on side effect and misconceptions.