Predictors of unmet need for family planning among all women of reproductive age in Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction Contraception is a good indicator of the extent to which couples have access to reproductive health services. Survey data on unmet need can provide overall direction by helping to pinpoint the obstacles in society and weaknesses in services that need to be overcome. This study is significant as it provides strong policy recommendations for the design and implementation of economic and non-economic interventions into family planning utilization by all eligible women. Objective To Identify Predictors of Unmet Need of Family Planning in Ethiopia. Methods A national level survey by performance monitoring and accountability (PMA 2020), which conducted between March and April 2016 among 7552 all women of 15–49 years were utilized. Stata® version13 were used for survey data for analysis using weighted frequency to give equal chances for enumeration areas represented. Binary and multivariate logistic regression employed. P -value < 0.05 were used to declare independent predictors of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. Result 7494 women responded to the interview giving response rate of 99.2%. Overall unmet need for family planning was 1, 214 (16.2%) of which 772 (10.3%) was for spacing and 450 (6.0%) for limiting. Overall unmet need was 540 (7.2%) in urban and 1431(19.1%) in rural areas of the Ethiopia. Statistically significant predictors with this were found to be women’s age 0.73 AOR [95% C.I 0.6–0.9], being lower wealth 0.22 AOR [95% C.I 0.07–0.6] as compared to lowest, parity 2.1 AOR [95% C.I 1.4–2.9], number of children at first use of contraceptive 1.1 AOR [95% C.I 1.03–1.19], having final say with provider 0.03 AOR [95% C.I 0.003–0.23] as compared with own decision making. Conclusion Unmet need of family planning in Ethiopia was generally high especially with significant disparity in residence and regional states. Socio-demographic factors (age and wealth status) and obstetric factor (parity) were found to be significant factor. Informed decision making for provision of contraceptives and enhancing women’s awareness starting their childbearing life with family planning were recommended.

Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. A multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

“…In this study, the age of women between 45-49 years was positively associated with the unmet need for contraceptives. The finding of this study is in line with previous studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia [17,49]. But, it is inconsistent with a study conducted in Enemay district, Ethiopia [37].…”

“…It is the sum of unmet need for spacing and limiting and reproductive-age women who were married, fecund and/or sexually active have unmet needs if they don't want any more children or want to delay their next birth for at least two years but not using contraception. Pregnant or amenorrheic women with unwanted or mistimed pregnancies or births were also considered to have unmet if they were not using contraception at the time they conceived [18,20,49]. Community-level variables were created by taking aggregate measures from individuallevel variables in each cluster [8].…”

The role of maternal health care services as predictors of time to modern contraceptive use after childbirth in Northwest Ethiopia: Application of the shared frailty survival analysis

“…With this, postpartum women are among those with the greatest unmet need for family planning than other periods [6,10,11]. In Ethiopia, unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period is also much higher than women outside of the extended postpartum period; while 16.2% women, in general, do have unmet need for family planning [12], the unmet need in the first year after childbirth reaches as high as 44 percent [13].…”

<p>Unmet Need for Contraception Among Young Married Women in Eastern Ethiopia</p>

“…18,19 Demographic and economic characteristics including women's age, age of marriage, educational status, residence of living, duration after marriage, and wealth status were also associated with young married women unmet need for contraception in previous studies. 15,20,21 Moreover, reproductive experience including living and ideal number of children, previous history of child or fetal loss and parity as well as interpersonal factors such as household decision-making autonomy, and partner approval of contraception were among the factors that influenced the unmet needs for contraception. 16,[22][23][24][25][26] In patriarchal societies like Ethiopia, young married women are under strong pressure to conceive immediately after marriage to demonstrate their fecundity and ability to continuously engage in reproduction.…”