Objective: Joshanda, a polyherbal Unani formulation is extensively used as a common home remedy for the treatment of a cough and cold accompanied by pharyngeal inflammation and fever. This study aimed to analyze phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity.
Methods:The study investigated the presence of phyto-compounds in joshanda and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory activities by various in vitro standard methods using ascorbic acid, ampicillin, and aspirin respectively as standard drugs.Results: Joshanda aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids glycosides, terpenoids, and alkaloids and absence of sterols, saponins, xanthoprotiens, and carboxylic acid. Joshanda showed the highest inhibition against B. subtilis (% MGI 99.000±0.577) and least inhibition against P. aeruginosa (%MGI of 84.102±0.491). Joshanda extract, ascorbic acid demonstrated highest % DPPH radical scavenging of 98.379±0.313%, 98.843±0.443% and a minimum of 36.210±1.174%, 83.192±0.422%. Results showed H2O2 scavenging activity of 0.047±0.001 μg/ml per minute degradation of H2O2. FRAP value was observed in joshanda and ascorbic acid with a maximum of 0.945±0.024, 0.687±0.047 mmol and minimum of 0.171±0.036, 0.059±0.005 mmol respectively. Joshanda extract showed the highest albumin denaturation inhibition of 14.069±0.350% and the lowest of 1.880±0.194% at extract volume of 1000 µl and 100 µl respectively. The extract demonstrated the highest proteinase inhibition of 24.003±0.291 % and the lowest of 4.959±0.254% comparable to aspirin. Joshanda had no potent anticandidal activity up to 1 mg/ml.
Conclusion:Results clearly suggested that joshanda is a potent phytodrug and can also be used as a strong reactive oxygen species scavenger, might be used as anti-arthritic and strong natural antibiotic agent for effective treatment of various oxidative stressed disorders.
Objective: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a medicinal plant of culinary origin commonly used as spice and vegetable. The present study was focused to identify the immunomodulatory applications of T. foenum-graecum.Methods: The presence of phytochemicals and many biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities were identified by various standard protocol respectively.Results: The phytochemical analysis was flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, etc., whereas no traces of carboxylic acid were found. Results showed that T. foenum-graecum aqueous and methanolic extract (TfgAE and TfgME) highly inhibited Escherichia coli (percentage mean growth inhibition [% MGI] of 77.012±1.732% and 78.428±1.448%) and least effective against Staphylococcus aureus (percentage MGI of 46.661±0.707% and 78.428±0.0076%), respectively. TfgAE, TfgME, and ascorbic acid demonstrated highest percentage 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging of 94.19316±0.0047%, 94.7942±0.0050%, and 99.67775±0.0053% and lowest of 17.18339±0.0059%, 24.47114±0.0052%, and 61.81149±0.0046%, respectively. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay of TfgAE and TfgME showed maximum of 1.0527±0.065 mM and 1.0067±0.041 mM and minimum value of 0.3027±0.052 mM and 0.275±0.057 mM, respectively, as compared to the ascorbic acid (1.1847±0.049 mM and minimal at 0.373±0.032 mM). TfgAE and TfgME showed anti-inflammatory activity with the highest inhibition of albumin denaturation of 44.93771±0.0071% and 39.14707±0.0068% and the lowest of 21.32969±0.0075% and 15.53905±0.0065%, respectively. The other assay revealed that TfgAE and TfgME demonstrated the highest proteinase inhibition of 29.94818±0.0071% and 74.337±0.0073% and the lowest of 14.47679±0.0082% and 25.327±0.0079%, respectively, at extract volume or amount of 1000 μl and 100 μl.Conclusion: Results showed T. foenum-graecum might act as strong natural antibiotic agent and antioxidant agent and can be used against inflammatory diseases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.