<p><b>1. </b><b>Methodology</b></p> <p><b>2.1 </b><b>Study population and sample</b></p> <p>The target population selected for the feedback consisted of people living in Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan, an industrial hub, and a port city comprising over 15 million population. The demographics included age, gender, profession, students, working, non-working, retired, etc. The city was under complete lockdown since the 1<sup>st</sup> week of April. The study conducted in the third week from April 16-23, 2020 for assessment of the mental health of the population in the context of lockdown and confinement due to COVID-19 in Pakistan. Because of the large population, the stigma attached to mental health, and ethical considerations the questionnaire was kept anonymous and the non-probability convenience sampling technique was used.</p> <p><b>2.2 </b><b>Rating instruments</b></p> <p>The Research instruments PHQ-9 was used for the assessment of the mental health of the population (Hartung et al., 2017; Hinz et al., 2006) under three week's lockdown during COVID-19. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a nine-item depression severity measuring instrument with a total score of 20. Depression Severity Scores represent: 0-5 = Mild, 6-10 = Moderate 11-15 = Moderately Severe 16-20 = Severe Depression (Kroenke et al., 2010). <b> </b></p> <p><b>2.3 </b><b>Data analysis </b></p> <p>PHQ-9 and GAD-7 forms designed on Google form and survey was conducted online sharing the link via Emails, Whatsapp, Facebook, and LinkedIn using 120 research volunteers. The respondent cooperation and readiness were high as it was anonymous, easy to complete within 3 minutes, and submission over a single click through their cell phone. The survey started on 16<sup>th</sup> April and was completed within seven days by April 21. The 6876 respondents completed the questionnaire included in the final analysis. The statistical analytical tool SPSS was implied for descriptive analyses. Initially, descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics of people of Karachi under lockdown for the last three weeks (April 16 to April 23). Secondly, the prevalence of severity of depression symptoms was measured on a rating scale of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe stratified by gender, age, and occupation.</p> <p><b>2.4 </b><b>Ethical considerations</b></p> <p>The ethical committee of qualified psychiatrists and psychologists of BasicNeeds Pakistan endorsed the study. The respondents were not required to provide any personal information and identity to keep the survey anonymous; consequently, they participated in the study.</p> <p><b>2.5 </b><b>Demographic information</b></p> <p>The demographic elements consisted of age (18-65 in five categories), gender (Male & Female), professionals, students, and entrepreneurs (self-employed and owners of the SMEs). The study was confined to the urban population who faced strict lockdown restrictions and complete closure.</p>
<p><b>1. </b><b>Methodology</b></p> <p><b>2.1 </b><b>Study population and sample</b></p> <p>The target population selected for the feedback consisted of people living in Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan, an industrial hub, and a port city comprising over 15 million population. The demographics included age, gender, profession, students, working, non-working, retired, etc. The city was under complete lockdown since the 1<sup>st</sup> week of April. The study conducted in the third week from April 16-23, 2020 for assessment of the mental health of the population in the context of lockdown and confinement due to COVID-19 in Pakistan. Because of the large population, the stigma attached to mental health, and ethical considerations the questionnaire was kept anonymous and the non-probability convenience sampling technique was used.</p> <p><b>2.2 </b><b>Rating instruments</b></p> <p>The Research instruments PHQ-9 was used for the assessment of the mental health of the population (Hartung et al., 2017; Hinz et al., 2006) under three week's lockdown during COVID-19. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a nine-item depression severity measuring instrument with a total score of 20. Depression Severity Scores represent: 0-5 = Mild, 6-10 = Moderate 11-15 = Moderately Severe 16-20 = Severe Depression (Kroenke et al., 2010). <b> </b></p> <p><b>2.3 </b><b>Data analysis </b></p> <p>PHQ-9 and GAD-7 forms designed on Google form and survey was conducted online sharing the link via Emails, Whatsapp, Facebook, and LinkedIn using 120 research volunteers. The respondent cooperation and readiness were high as it was anonymous, easy to complete within 3 minutes, and submission over a single click through their cell phone. The survey started on 16<sup>th</sup> April and was completed within seven days by April 21. The 6876 respondents completed the questionnaire included in the final analysis. The statistical analytical tool SPSS was implied for descriptive analyses. Initially, descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics of people of Karachi under lockdown for the last three weeks (April 16 to April 23). Secondly, the prevalence of severity of depression symptoms was measured on a rating scale of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe stratified by gender, age, and occupation.</p> <p><b>2.4 </b><b>Ethical considerations</b></p> <p>The ethical committee of qualified psychiatrists and psychologists of BasicNeeds Pakistan endorsed the study. The respondents were not required to provide any personal information and identity to keep the survey anonymous; consequently, they participated in the study.</p> <p><b>2.5 </b><b>Demographic information</b></p> <p>The demographic elements consisted of age (18-65 in five categories), gender (Male & Female), professionals, students, and entrepreneurs (self-employed and owners of the SMEs). The study was confined to the urban population who faced strict lockdown restrictions and complete closure.</p>
The utilization of social media has expanded rapidly in the 21st century; the majority of people use social media and social networking sites (SNSs) especially millennial “Generation Y” (born between 1980 to 1994 and now 26 to 40 years old). The purpose of the study is to observe the responsiveness of Millennial (Generation Y) to social media recruitment campaign in Pakistan. The research involves the dependent variable as recruitment and selection of generation Y and four independent variables as perceived costs, perceived risks, perceived opportunities, and perceived benefits. Survey sent to 150 respondents, out of which 106 being received. The data gathered was tested by using the SPSS for descriptive statistics, standard deviations, Correlation, regression analysis was done to check the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results of the first objective revealed that the utilization of social networking in recruitment is inexpensive for many companies, the outcomes of the second variable indicated that when using social media, the human resource professionals gather consistent information for all candidates making fair and speedy hiring, to analyze the third objective, the outcomes have shown that there are numerous risks associated while using social networking sites and lastly when testing the fourth objective observed that various organizations don't have job portal page for recruitment of Millennial (Generation Y) and majority candidates use LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter for job searching. The study concluded that appropriate utilization of social networking sites in recruitment and selection of Millennial (Generation Y) provides excess to more extensive pool of candidates, is cost effective, faster and practical for organizations. They take benefit by utilizing social networking sites for recruitment campaigns yet the quality and competency of candidates not compromised however the candidate’s information privacy risk need mitigation.
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