In this study rubber toughened polyester composite filled with kenaf was exposed in different environmental condition such as in artificial sea water (SW), distilled water (DS), environment exposure (Ex) and soil exposure (SL). Rubber-toughened polyester-kenaf fibre composites were prepared by adding 25% of kenaf fibre in unsaturated polyester resin and cross linked with a mixture of methyl ethylketone peroxide and cobalt octanoate. Three percent (3%) of liquid natural rubber (LNR) were added as a toughening agent. The sample was prepared using compression molding technique. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by hardness, flexural and fracture toughness testing. It was found that the samples that being immersed in seawater (SW) had lower mechanical properties as compared to other conditions. The value of hardness strength were decrease about 1.7% and for fracture toughness the decreasing is about 8.53% while flexural strength had been decrease by 30%. Bonding mechanisms were then assessed by scanning electron microscope and FTIR analysis
This paper is focusing on mechanical properties of rubber toughened polyester filled carbon black (RPCB) for automotive parts and integrated circuits (IC) encapsulations applications. The samples were fabricated via hand lay-up and open molding technique in which 3 % of LNR was added as toughening agent in this composite and percentages of carbon black (CB) used vary from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The mechanical properties were evaluated by impact and flexural testing. The result for each test was discussed to determine the most optimum loading of carbon black used to produce the composite. It was found that the addition of carbon black increased impact strength by 87%, flexural modulus by 33%, and flexural strength by 3%, at 4% of filler loading. The microstructures of the composites fracture surface were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to correlate and further explain the mechanical properties of the composites with morphology observation .
Abstract. This research is focusing on mechanical and morphological properties of unsaturated polyester (UP) reinforced with two different types of filler which is nano size clay Cloisite 30B (C30B) and Carbon Black (CB). Samples were fabricated via hand lay-up and open molding technique. Percentages of Cloisite 30B & Carbon Black (CB) used vary from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt%. The mechanical properties were evaluated by impact, flexural and hardness testing. Result shows that the mechanical strength of C30B was better compare to CB filled composite. The combination of UP with C30B helps to improve the properties due to the high surface area of nanosize filler in the matrix. The result shows that increasing of filler content had increased mechanical properties of composites. Optimum percentage represent good mechanical properties are 4% for both fillers. SEM images showed that rough surface image indicate to agglomeration of filler in the matrix for CB sample and smooth surface image on C30B sample indicate to homogenous blending between filler and matrix polyester. SEM images proved that mechanical properties result indicate that C30B polyester composite is a good reinforcement compare to CB polyester composite.
The influences of surface treatment on kenaf fibre for rubber toughened polyester filled carbon black (CB) and kenaf hybrid composite were investigated, in consideration for applications such as automotive parts and integrated circuits (IC) encapsulations. Kenaf fibres were divided into treated and untreated fibres, where 6% of NaOH solution was used as the treatment solution. Unsaturated polyester was mixed with 3% liquid natural rubber (LNR) as toughening agent and 4% of CB, before hybridised with both treated and untreated kenaf that were varied from 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% using mechanical stirrer and moulded by using hot compression technique. Flexural and impact testing were conducted and it was found that the hybridisation of CB and treated kenaf fibres composite showed improvement on flexural properties compared to non-hybrid CB filled composites although there are slight decrement on impact toughness. The optimum fibre loading for both treated and untreated kenaf were found at 25%.
This study was undertaken to investigate mechanical and morphological properties of rubber toughened polyester composite filled with kenaf and was exposed in varying natural weathering and difference environmental condition (Artificial Sea Water (SW), Distilled Water (DS), Environment Exposure (EX) and Soil Exposure (SL)). Rubber-toughened polyester-kenaf fibre composites were prepared by adding 25% of kenaf fibre in unsaturated polyester resin and cross linked with a mixture of methyl ethylketone peroxide and cobalt octanoate. Three percent (3%) of liquid natural rubber (LNR) were added as a toughening agent. The sample was prepared using compression molding technique. It was found that the samples that being immersed in seawater (SW) had lower mechanical properties values as compare with other conditions. The value of flexural modulus and flexural strength were decrease by 35.9 % , 12.5% but the value of impact strength had slightly increase by 34% .The microstructures of the composites fracture surface were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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