The antimalarial compound MMV390048 ([ C]-11) was labeled with carbon-14 isotope via a 3-step synthesis. It was obtained in a 15.5% radiochemical overall yield from carbon-14 labeled methyl iodide with a radiochemical purity of >99%. After single oral administration of [ C]-11 to albino and pigmented rats its tissue distribution profile was studied. Tissue distribution results showed high local exposure in the GI tract and excretory organs but low exposure of all other tissues. The radioactivity uptake was higher in the eyes of the pigmented rats than in the eyes of the albino rats at all-time points. The highest accumulation reached in the eyes of the pigmented rats was 0.46% at 6 hours. However, these levels are still very low as compared to the other organs studied. There was very little radioactivity from MMV390048 ([ C]-11) present in the skin of both the albino and pigmented rats. The results obtained are supportive of further development of MMV390048 as a potential antimalarial compound.
The production of maize in every second inter-row of first and second ratoon sugar cane was studied in four locations in Mauritius in 1974, in trials based on combinations of three maize densities and three fertilizer levels. Analysis of the data showed that intercropping sugar cane with maize had no adverse effects on cane and sugar yields, and suggested that planting an early-maturing maize amongst the cane at a density of 19,000 plants, with 76 kg N, 38 kg P 2 O 6 , 62 kg K 8 O/ha, was the most profitable method under Mauritian conditions. Due to the importance of sugar to the Mauritius economy, the cultivation of sugarcane has become intensive in the sense that all of the areas where it can be grown profitably under irrigation and natural conditions are now planted to cane. Sugarcane in Mauritius is normally grown under monoculture conditions, with food and other crops for the local population partly provided by a pattern of agriculture in which rotational cropping and intercropping are practised. Many planters in suitable regions intercrop potatoes, groundnuts, beans and tomatoes with virgin sugarcane, but not with established cane, a practice also current in Taiwan (Wu, 1968; AVRDC, 1974).In the last few years a change in the standard of living in Mauritius, and growth of the tourist industry, have created an increasing demand for feeding stuffs for livestock production, especially poultry. Up to now the bulk of such feed has been imported, but the recent spiralling increase in overseas prices of raw and prepared complex feedstuffs, and of sea freight, have emphasized the need for an intensive local production of maize to meet all or part of the demand for animal food at a lower cost. However, the limited scope for extending the cultivation areas, the scarcity of inter-rows of virgin canes because of the local practice of carrying six to seven ratoon crops, and the increasing use of these inter-rows for vegetable and potato growing, all suggest that any programme for intensifying maize production would require the use of inter-rows of ratoon sugarcane.Cane is grown at a spacing of 1 -6o m between rows, and the leaves of first and second ratoons do not shade the inter-rows until 3J-4 months after the previous cane crop has been cut. To grow maize in ratoon canes it would therefore be necessary to have a short-cycle, high-yielding variety, which would not have an adverse effect on the yields of cane. A preliminary study with an early hybrid maize, planted in every second ratoon cane inter-row, has shown that its cultivation did not seem to affect cane yields. This paper presents the findings of maize-density/fertilizer trials in the inter-rows of first and second ratoons, and also describes the possible effects of competition between the maize crop and the sugarcane plants. 11 162 A. R. PlLLAY AND J . R. MAMET MATERIALS AND METHODSThe trials were started in September 1974, planting the early-maturing French maize hybrid Anjou 500 in the inter-rows of first and second sugarcane ratoons, using combinations of t...
The title compound, C21H24O9, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit which are almost centrosymmetrically related to each other. The ethanoate group in one of the two molecules is disordered over two positions with a site-occupation factor of 0.880 (7) for the major occupied site. In the crystal, the 1,3-diketone group exists in the keto–enol isomeric form due to the stabilizing effect of the intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond present in this form. The compound packs as a layered structure in which C—H⋯π and C—H⋯O interactions are present within and between the layers.
The synthesis of two closely related pyranonaphthoquinones, dehydroherbarin and anhydrofusarubin, is described. The construction of the naphthalene nuclei was achieved using the Stobbe condensation reaction using 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde as their respective starting materials. Two key steps en route include a PIFA-mediated addition of a methoxy substituent onto the naphthalene skeleton and a Wacker oxidation reaction to construct the benzo[g]isochromene nucleus. Two interesting oxidation reactions of the intermediate isochromene enol ether of 7,9-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5-ol were observed. Treatment of the substrate with salcomine resulted in the formation of (3-formyl-4-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-2-yl)methyl acetate, while treatment of the same substrate with CAN resulted in the formation of racemic (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-7,9-dimethoxy-3-methyl-5,10-dioxo-3,4,5,10-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4-yl nitrate.
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