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IntroductionThis article reports experience relating to the measurement of orbital volume by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and Cranioviewer program software in patients who have undergone enucleation and orbital implantation.Patients and MethodsCBCT scans were made in 30 cases, 10 of which were later excluded because of various technical problems. The study group therefore consisted of 20 patients (8 men and 12 women). The longest follow-up time was 7 years, and the shortest was 1 year. In all 20 cases, the orbital volume was measured with Cranioviewer orbital program software. Slices were made in the ventrodorsal direction at 4.8 mm intervals in the frontal plane, in both bony orbits (both that containing the orbital implant and the healthy one). Similar measurements were made in 20 patients with various dental problems. CBCT scans were recorded for the facial region of the skull, containing the orbital region. The Cranioviewer program can colour the area of the slices red, and it automatically measures the area in mm.ResultsIn 5 of the 20 cases, the first 4 or all 5 slices revealed that the volume of the operated orbit was significantly smaller than that of the healthy orbit, in 12 cases only from 1 to 3 of the slices indicated such a significant difference, and in 3 cases no differences were observed between the orbits. In the control group of patients with various dental problems, there was no significant difference between the two healthy orbits. The accuracy of the volume measurements was assessed statistically by means of the paired samples t-test.SummaryTo date, no appropriate method is avaliable for exact measurement of the bony orbital volume, which would be of particular importance in orbital injury reconstruction. However, the use of CBCT scans and Cranioviewer orbital program software appears to offer a reliable method for the measurement of changes in orbital volume.

The number of oral cancers associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this retrospective clinical trial is to investigate the relationship between genital and oral HPV infection and to observe the possibilities of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the limitations for oral HPV infection. The results of genital and oral HPV screening of 34 female patients and their partner, and 14 single female patients were processed in a private practice in Budapest between 2012 and 2015. After brush-biopsy sampling, HPV DNA identification and typing were performed using PCR technique. All in all 164 samples were typed. HPV DNA was detected in 76 cases (48.20%). HPV was detected in 55 cases from the genital samples (67%), and in 21 cases from the oral samples (25.6%). Genital HPV infection was statistically significantly higher in women (79.2% vs 22,9%, p[0.001). Gender comparison of genital HPV infection showed a statistically significant difference (79.2% for women, 50% for men, p = 0.006). In case of genital HPV infection, the oral HPV infection of the same person is more frequent. In this study, the above mentioned difference is significant for women and not significant for men. HPV16 is the HPV genotype which was identified in the highest ratio(47.2%). PCR technique is capable of the detection of oral HPV infection, but follow-up studies with higher case number , and questionnaire studies are needed to understand HPV transmission more accurately.

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Objective We aimed to find morphological properties of the hyoid bone, which are predominant among the patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and compare them with healthy individuals. Methods A total of 67 cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image sequences of patients (44 males, 23 females) diagnosed with OSA and a total of 70 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data of non‐OSA patients (45 males, 25 females) were selected in this study. DICOM images were imported into InVivo 5.1.2 (Anatomage) software. The position of the hyoid bone relative to the C3 and C4 cervical vertebrae, as well as its morphological type (B, V, U, H, D, HK‐type) and its total volume was determined. Results The volumetric values of the hyoid bone of OSA patients (2384.49 ± 682.073 mm3) were significantly (P < .001) lower compared to the values derived from non‐OSA patients (2952.96 ± 932.5 mm3). The difference was independent of gender, and volumetric values showed a strong significant (P < .01) difference between male OSA and non‐OSA (2709.18 ± 608.05; 3157.87 ± 926.5 mm3) and female OSA and non‐OSA patients (1763 ± 242.51 2584; 2584.12 ± 840.21 mm3), as well. In the case of B and V‐types, the volumetric values showed significant differences (P < .05), when the OSA (2300,77 ± 622; 2166 ± 312 mm3) and non‐OSA patients were compared (2823,48 ± 780; 3216 ± 463 mm3). Conclusion Our results suggest that the volume of the hyoid bone might be a potential biological marker for OSA, especially in the case of B and V hyoid bone types.