During seed germination there is production of reactive oxygen species, which, in a controlled way, are important to cell signaling and protection against pathogens, but, in excess, impair germination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the action of different compounds on antioxidant mechanisms and enzymatic activation in cabbage seeds. Compounds like kojic acid, thymol and tyrosol were used to imbibe the cabbage seeds together with distilled water, and a control treatment without imbibition was used as well, with subsequent assessment by means of germination test, endosperm rupture, vigor, radicle protrusion, and assessment of seedling biochemical analyses by the activity of enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and α-amylase. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and to the LSD means comparison test. Seeds treated with tyrosol presented higher results on the rupture of the endosperm, germination and vigor, and root development increased with use antioxidants. For the activity of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings, only kojic acid showed increase in the superoxide dismutase activity. There was also a reduction in the catalase activity with the use of thymol and tyrosol compounds compared to dry-seed assessments. After tyrosol treatment, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was not detected, and water-imbibed seeds showed higher α-amylase activity. The use of antioxidant compounds has beneficial effects on cabbage seeds, and soaking with tyrosol led to better physiological quality, with activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms during germination.
The essential oil Cinnamomum cassia used have high concentrations of (E)cinnamaldehyde.Fungicides were prepared with essential oils of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and (E)cinnamaldehyde The two fungicides applied in seeds of common bean, decreases incidence of anthracnose.(E)-cinnamaldehyde is the active substance against C. lindemuthianum causing da anthracnose.
Among the fungi that cause damage to the common bean and are disseminated by the seeds, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. e Magn.) Briosi e Cavara stands out. This fungus causes anthracnose in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Use of natural compounds is a viable and safer option than chemicals to manage this disease. Essential oils have shown antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi. According to the results of the in vitro test, we observed complete inhibition of the growth of C. lindemuthianum with the use of cassia cinnamon essential oil ( Cinnamomum cassia ) (EO) and its major component ( E )-Cinnamaldehyde, presenting MIC of 125 µg/mL, while the commercial fungicide presented MIC of 30.6 µg/mL. And in vivo , where seeds naturally infected with C. lindemuthianum were treated with the EO and the substance in a solution with commercial soybean oil, we observed that the treatments did not affect germination and initial seed vigor. In addition, the seed treatment with solutions formulated from EO and ( E )-cinnamaldehyde was efficient for reducing the incidence of anthracnose over the days evaluated, as well as for the commercial fungicide used (methyl thiophanate). This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of C. cassia oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde in the control of C. lindemuthianum through the treatment of common bean seeds.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species used in several areas, such as food, medicines and cosmetics, and the understanding of its physiological behavior under environmental conditions is of paramount importance for the improvement of cultivation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different water availability under physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics, in three distinct genotypes: 'Alfavaca basilicão', 'Gennaro de menta' and 'Grecco à palla', during two different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive). It was found that the water deficit promotes physiological changes to tolerate water stress, and the studied genotypes have different routes to achieve this physiological tolerance, which culminates in a distinct accumulation of metabolites in plants, and can be considered interesting if the final product is the production of essential oils.
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