Sweet sorghum has gained attention in tropical and subtropical regions because of its potential as a bioenergy crop. The present research was carried out to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of sweet sorghum submitted to six plant growth regulators (thiamethoxam, biostimulant mixture, gibberellic acid, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, and trinexapac-ethyl). The compounds were applied via foliar spraying in order to increase the productive potential of plants and reduce the carbohydrates sink strength by inflorescences. The experiment was conducted in pots and the following variables were evaluated: plant height, inflorescence dry matter, soluble solids content, shoot dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility. It were observed the action of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon to reduce the inflorescence dry matter, chlormequat chloride to increase the shoot dry matter, and trinexapac-ethyl to improve ashes content and reduce the neutral detergent fiber contents. These results indicate that chlormequat chloride and trinexapacethyl are effective in restricting the plant growth and increasing sorghum nutritional quality.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, plant growth, plant nutritional quality, bioenergy Reguladores vegetais em sorgo sacarino: análises fisiológicas e de qualidade nutricional ResumoO sorgo sacarino tem ganhado atenção em regiões tropicais e subtropicais devido ao seu potencial uso como cultivo bioenergético. Nosso estudo avaliou as características fisiológicas, bioquímicas e nutricionais do sorgo sacarino submetido a seis reguladores vegetais (thiamethoxam, mistura bioestimulante, ácido giberélico, cloreto de clormequat, etefon e etil-trinexapac). Os compostos foram aplicados via pulverização foliar, no intuito de avaliar o potencial aumento na produção das plantas, bem como reduzir a força do dreno de carboidratos promovida pelas inflorescências. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, onde avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, massa seca das inflorescências, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis, massa seca da parte aérea, proteína bruta, cinzas, fibra em detergente neutro e digestibilidade in vitro. Entre os reguladores de crescimento testados, foi observada a ação do etil-trinexapac e do etefon na redução da matéria seca da inflorescência, do cloreto de clormequat no ganho de matéria seca da parte aérea e do etil-trinexapac para incrementar o teor de cinzas e reduzir a fibra em detergente neutro. Estes resultados indicam que o cloreto de clormequat e o etil-trinexapac são eficazes na restrição do crescimento e melhoria da qualidade nutricional do sorgo.Palavras chave: Sorghum bicolor, crescimento vegetal, qualidade nutricional, bioenergia
Because legumes are a very important feed source for ruminants, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal inclusion level of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in sheep diets by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, ruminal pH and the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). In the experiment with four sheep, a 4 × 4 Latin Square design was used with four periods and four treatments (0%, 30%, 60% and 100% Arachis replacing grass hay). Significant interactions were observed between treatments and sampling times for ammonia-nitrogen and acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acids concentration were not affected by interaction between treatments and sampling time. The degradation of DM and CP was similar, rising with the increasing content of Arachis, showing a linear effect. The treatment containing 60% of Arachis showed best results, with good levels of daily weight gain and higher ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids. The legume showed high levels of CP, high digestibility and appropriate levels of fibre, with excellent standards of degradation and ruminal characteristics. The use of the legume Arachis for ruminants is a promising option of nutrient supply to meet production demands of these animals.
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for rank in Thoroughbred horses using a Bayesian linear model (BLM) and a Thurstonian model (TM) to provide data that contribute to the selection and consequent genetic improvement of the breed in Brazil. Data were provided by the company Turf Total Ltda and consisted of 250,809 records for rank obtained from 40,300 horses and from 34,316 Thoroughbred races (distances of 1,000, 1,300, 1,600, and 2,000 m) that occurred between 1992 and 2011 on six tracks. The rank records at each distance were considered different traits and were submitted to single-trait analysis using BLM and TM. Fixed effects included sex, age, postposition, race, and level of difficulty. The heritability estimates for rank ranged from 0.228 to 0.032 when BLM was used and from 0.293 to 0.047 when TM was used. These estimates tended to decrease with increasing race distance in the two analyses. The TM estimated higher heritability for rank than BLM, indicating the possible use of this model in selection programs of Thoroughbred racehorses in Brazil.Published by Elsevier Inc.
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