-Viability and vigor of seeds are physiological attributes influenced by a myriad of factors including the genotype. Biochemical profiling of maize seeds and its correlation with their physiological quality is of crucial importance in breeding programs that the aim is seeds of better quality. The main goal of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among maize inbred lines and evaluate the biochemical components that have an important role in physiological quality of seeds. The seeds of the inbred lines and hybrids were submitted to viability test, vigor by the accelerated aging and cold tolerance, and biochemical profiling (total protein content, soluble proteins, total phosphorus, phytate, inorganic phosphorus, starch and soluble sugars). The genetic divergence between the inbred lines found, prompt us to conclude that genetic gains may exist in association with physiological quality of maize hybrids. Seeds with higher inorganic phosphorus and soluble sugars presented superior physiological quality than seeds with lower levels of those compounds.Index terms: vigor, viability, genetic divergence, stored reserves, Zea mays.Perfil bioquímico e seu papel na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho RESUMO -A viabilidade e o vigor de sementes são atributos fisiológicos influenciados por uma série de fatores, incluindo o genótipo. O perfil bioquímico das sementes de milho e sua correlação com a qualidade fisiológica são importantes para programas de melhoamento que objetivam obter sementes de melhor qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens de milho e avaliar os componentes bioquímicos que têm um papel importante na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. As sementes das linhagens e dos híbridos foram submetidas ao teste de viabilidade, vigor pelo envelhecimento acelerado e tolerância ao frio e a determinação do perfil bioquímico (teor de proteína total, proteínas solúveis, fósforo total, fitato, fósforo inorgânico, amido e açúcares solúveis). A divergência genética encontrada entre as linhagens permite concluir que os ganhos genéticos podem existir em associação com a qualidade fisiológica dos híbridos de milho. As sementes com maior teor de fósforo inorgânico e açúcares solúveis apresentaram qualidade fisiológica superior à das sementes com níveis menores desses compostos.Termos para indexação: vigor, viabilidade, divergência genética, reservas armazenadas, Zea mays.
Storage reserves composition is directly related to the manifestation of seed vigor. However, the physiological potential expression in inbred lines, as well as hybrids from the storage reserves hydrolysis, is not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was focused on verifying if there are differences in the hydrolysis of seed storage reserve of maize inbred lines or hybrids during germination, and also checking if the changes in hydrolysis are associated with seed vigor. The seeds of inbred lines and hybrids were submitted to germination test, vigor by accelerated aging and cold tolerance. Biochemical profiling (total protein content, soluble proteins, phytate, inorganic phosphorus, starch, and soluble sugars), was temporally determined at 0 h (quiescent seeds), 12 h, 24 h, 30 h, and 48 h after imbibition. The seeds of inbred lines showed a longer time for root protrusion and less vigor when compared to hybrids. The highest hydrolysis rates in inbred lines were observed in phase I and at the end of phase II of germination. In hybrids, the rates remained, on average, constant throughout germination. The greatest differences in the hydrolysis of reserve compounds occur in phase II of germination and differentiate the germination metabolism of hybrids and inbred lines.
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