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The esterification reaction of geraniol with acetic acid (100 mM/100 mM) catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) was studied in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and in sc-ethane in a packed-bed reactor (PBR). In sc-CO2 it was easy to adjust the water activity (a w) in the reaction mixture to levels leading to good enzyme performance. Enzyme stability was high and steady-state conversions could be achieved that exceeded the largest conversions measured in batch stirred-tank reactors (BSTRs), which is probably due to the lower a w levels achieved in the PBR. In sc-ethane, where the solubility of water is lower, high steady-state conversions could be attained only by preventing the accumulation on the enzyme bed of the water produced during reaction. The kinetic parameters for the reaction in sc-CO2 were determined using previously published data obtained in a BSTR, and a model was developed for the PBR that included those kinetic parameters. This model was able to predict with reasonable accuracy the behavior of the PBR. Slight differences were observed for some operating regions, probably due to the influence of a w in the activity of the enzyme, which is not included in the model.

The kinetics of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of decyl acetate, by the transesterification reaction of vinyl acetate with decanol, was investigated at 30 °C using n-hexane as the solvent. Novozym 435 was found to be the most active catalyst among the immobilized lipases tested. Given the nonideality of the reaction mixture, only a thermodynamic activity-based kinetics was found to be suitable to represent the experimental data in the entire range of compositions tested (0.1-1.4 M). The reaction follows a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism, in which inhibition only by excess of alcohol was identified. Although intraparticle diffusional limitations were detected, intrinsic kinetic parameters were obtained by crushing the catalyst particles. The results were compared to those obtained with supercritical CO 2 as the solvent. For the conditions tested, Candida antarctica lipase B showed higher activity in the organic medium.