Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do fornecimento de 2,28g de MGA® Premix entre o 13º e 17º dia após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), na taxa de gestação de vacas da raça Nelore, pluríparas. Foram usadas 154 vacas, divididas em dois lotes ao acaso, o tratamento 1, n=55 e o tratamento 2, n=99. O tratamento 1 recebeu suplemento mineral e o tratamento 2o mesmo suplemento adicionado de 2,28g de MGA® Premix/animal/dia. Foi usada a estatística descritiva por tabela frequência, no programa SAS, pela interação do fornecimento de MGA® Premix com a taxa de gestação. A porcentagem de gestação foi superior para as vacas suplementadas com MGA® Premix e avaliados aos 43 dias após a inseminação. O uso de MGA® após IATF aumenta a sobrevivência embrionária e a taxa de prenhez.
Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da inclusão de caroço de algodão e glicerina bruta em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em terminação na época das águas, sobre o desempenho produtivo e econômico da suplementação e aumento no peso de abate. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos, Nelore, machos, não castrados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos que receberam oferta média de 0,75 % do peso corporal em suplemento, pela formulação padrão (SP), inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta (GLIC), inclusão de 25 % de caroço de algodão (CA) ou inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta e 25 % de caroço de algodão (CAGLIC). Não houve influencia (p>0,05) sobre desempenho, peso de carcaça quente ou rendimento de carcaça. O incremento no peso de abate, mostrou-se favorável economicamente, independente da formulação utilizada, embora a maior rentabilidade tenha sido alcançada pelo fornecimento do suplemento CAGLIC dado ao menor custo do suplemento e manutenção do desempenho. A renda pode variar de acordo com os preços dos ingredientes padrões, devendo estes fatores ser considerados para a elaboração de suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em engorda a pasto no período das águas.
Review studies related to nutritional and energy efficiency of cow Nellore, data reporting requirements of the fractions of energy and protein for these animals during gestation and lactation. Little is known about the nutritional requirements of beef cows raised in tropical conditions, many data are still based animal research in European temperate conditions, under or over estimating the values that could possibly be found in Brazilian conditions. With this, we used the equations obtained by studies conducted in Brazil to produce tables with the net energy requirements, energy metabolizable, total digestible nutrients for maintenance and gain weight, based on cows in different stages of pregnancy, lactation and size body. As for the protein fractions. Based on the data obtained it is concluded that in the last third of gestation is the significant increase in demand for energy and protein, and lactating cows have a demand that exceeds their ingestive capacity, for a gain of 1 kg / day with CMS around 2% of body weight.
ResumoObjetivou-se buscar estudos que mostrassem a influência da adubação fosfatada e calagem na ecofisiologia de plantas forrageiras. O Fósforo é um elemento fundamental para a fisiologia vegetal participando do processo de obtenção de energia. No entanto é comum a deficiência deste elemento nos solos, assim a adubação com este elemento é amplamente testada. A amplitude da resposta varia com o tipo de planta, do solo, da inter-relação com outros nutrientes, no entanto observa-se resposta crescente amedida que
SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin in multiple supplements for grazing beef cattle on intake, nutrient digestibility, pH, ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen, and serum glucose. Five Nellore steers (initial BW of 480 kg [SD 15]), grazing a tropical pasture, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments used were control (no supplementation; only a mineral mixture ad libitum) and four levels of crude glycerin (0, 80, 160, 240 g/kg of supplements). Supplementation type had no impact (P > 0.05) on pH at 0 and 4 h after supplementation. Animals supplemented with different levels of crude glycerin showed higher N-NH3 values (P < 0.05) at 4 h after supplementation. Crude glycerin supplementation did not reduce pasture intake (P > 0.05), increasing dry matter intake (P > 0.05) due to increased organic matter digestibility (P > 0.05). Supplementation of 4 kg/animal with crude glycerin (240 g/kg supplement) did not reduce pasture intake and organic matter digestibility.
SUMMARY This study evaluated the effects of eight combinations of three exogenous enzymes with fibrolytic activity (FIB), amylolytic activity (AMZ), and proteolytic activity (PRO) on the accumulated gas production (PG) and kinetic parameters in simulated fermentations in two diet production systems using the in vitro gas production technique. In experiment 1, ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, kept in a feedlot and fed a diet containing a roughage:concentrate ratio of 20:80. In experiment 2, the ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, and kept on pasture (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The accumulated gas production was measured during a 96-hour incubation, measured at 18 different time points. After incubation, the pH, dry matter degradability, organic matter in vitro digestibility, digestibility of neutral detergent insoluble fiber, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, gas yield, short chain fatty acids and microbial protein production were determined. In the in vitro fermentation using the feedlot diet, the increased use of fibrolytic enzymes increased PG and improved the profile characteristics and kinetic parameters of the fermentation, regardless of the combination with other enzymes. In the in vitro fermentation using the forage diet, increased fibrolytic enzymes also increased PG, with improvements in the kinetic parameters and the profile of the fermentation, independent of the use of the other enzymes. The addition only of fibrolytic enzymes has major potential to optimize the use of feedlot diets as well of forage in ruminant feed.
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