Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do fornecimento de 2,28g de MGA® Premix entre o 13º e 17º dia após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), na taxa de gestação de vacas da raça Nelore, pluríparas. Foram usadas 154 vacas, divididas em dois lotes ao acaso, o tratamento 1, n=55 e o tratamento 2, n=99. O tratamento 1 recebeu suplemento mineral e o tratamento 2o mesmo suplemento adicionado de 2,28g de MGA® Premix/animal/dia. Foi usada a estatística descritiva por tabela frequência, no programa SAS, pela interação do fornecimento de MGA® Premix com a taxa de gestação. A porcentagem de gestação foi superior para as vacas suplementadas com MGA® Premix e avaliados aos 43 dias após a inseminação. O uso de MGA® após IATF aumenta a sobrevivência embrionária e a taxa de prenhez.

Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da inclusão de caroço de algodão e glicerina bruta em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em terminação na época das águas, sobre o desempenho produtivo e econômico da suplementação e aumento no peso de abate. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos, Nelore, machos, não castrados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos que receberam oferta média de 0,75 % do peso corporal em suplemento, pela formulação padrão (SP), inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta (GLIC), inclusão de 25 % de caroço de algodão (CA) ou inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta e 25 % de caroço de algodão (CAGLIC). Não houve influencia (p>0,05) sobre desempenho, peso de carcaça quente ou rendimento de carcaça. O incremento no peso de abate, mostrou-se favorável economicamente, independente da formulação utilizada, embora a maior rentabilidade tenha sido alcançada pelo fornecimento do suplemento CAGLIC dado ao menor custo do suplemento e manutenção do desempenho. A renda pode variar de acordo com os preços dos ingredientes padrões, devendo estes fatores ser considerados para a elaboração de suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em engorda a pasto no período das águas.

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Impacto da adubação nitrogenada nas características morfofisiológicas de gramíneas do gênero Londrina, V. 8, N. 8, Ed. 257, Art. 1706, Abril, 2014 essas ferramentas poderão ser usadas de forma combinada no dia-a-dia da propriedade rural. Palavras-chave:Corretivos; eficiência pastejo; produção forrageira. Impact of nitrogen in the morphophysiological characteristics ofBrachiaria and Cynodon in grazing and cutting AbstractThis review will focus on comparing characteristics morphophysiological of grass Brachiaria and Cynodon on responses from nitrogen fertilization of grazing or cutting. The pasture management has as a central aspect to keep balance of the leaf area, which is responsible for light interception and carbon sequestration and the removal of leaf tissues for intake animal. Thus, it becomes essential to know not only the behavior of animals, but also the morphophysiological characteristics of the plants to be effective one correct management, with greater intensification of use. Thus, it becomes necessary to a better understanding of how these tools can be used in combination in the day-to-day farm.

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effects of eight combinations of three exogenous enzymes with fibrolytic activity (FIB), amylolytic activity (AMZ), and proteolytic activity (PRO) on the accumulated gas production (PG) and kinetic parameters in simulated fermentations in two diet production systems using the in vitro gas production technique. In experiment 1, ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, kept in a feedlot and fed a diet containing a roughage:concentrate ratio of 20:80. In experiment 2, the ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, and kept on pasture (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The accumulated gas production was measured during a 96-hour incubation, measured at 18 different time points. After incubation, the pH, dry matter degradability, organic matter in vitro digestibility, digestibility of neutral detergent insoluble fiber, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, gas yield, short chain fatty acids and microbial protein production were determined. In the in vitro fermentation using the feedlot diet, the increased use of fibrolytic enzymes increased PG and improved the profile characteristics and kinetic parameters of the fermentation, regardless of the combination with other enzymes. In the in vitro fermentation using the forage diet, increased fibrolytic enzymes also increased PG, with improvements in the kinetic parameters and the profile of the fermentation, independent of the use of the other enzymes. The addition only of fibrolytic enzymes has major potential to optimize the use of feedlot diets as well of forage in ruminant feed.

The effects of increasing doses of three exogenous enzymes preparations with fibrolytic activity (FIB -0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg mL -1 liquid volume incubated), amylolytic activity (AMZ -0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL -1 liquid volume incubated), and proteolytic activity (PRO -0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL -1 liquid volume incubated ) on gas production (GP), kinetic parameters, and fermentation profile of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu were evaluated using the in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal liquid was obtained from two rumen-cannulated Santa Inês sheep maintained on pasture. Accumulated gas production was measured during 96 hours of incubation, measured at 18 different time points. The determined parameters were pH, asymptotic gas production (mL g -1 ), rate of gas production (h -1 ), lag time (h), organic matter digestibility (OMD, g g -1 DM), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ kg -1 DM), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, mg g -1 DM). Increasing the FIB dose linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production. However, the rate of gas production and the lag time showed linear decreases (P < 0.05). Addition of FIB also linearly increased (P < 0.05) the GP at all incubation times, as well as the OMD, NDFD and ME. Addition of AMZ linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production, but GP linear increased (P < 0.05) only at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The rate of gas production and the lag time decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to increasing AMZ addition. Inclusion of PRO did not affect (P > 0.05) asymptotic gas production, but there was quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the rate of gas production, the lag time, and the GP at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The OMD, NDFD and ME were not affected by PRO addition. Thus, fibrolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes are effective in reducing the lag time and increasing the in vitro gas production from Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu forage, and fibrolytic enzymes improve the in vitro fermentation profile. Key words: Digestibility. Gas production. Rumen liquor. ResumoAvaliou-se os efeitos de doses crescentes de três enzimas exógenas: fibrolíticas (FIB), 0; 0,6; 1,2; 1,8 e 2,4 mg mL -1 volume de líquido incubado; amilolíticas (AMZ), 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg mL -1 volume de líquido incubado, proteolíticas (PRO), 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg mL -1 volume de líquido incubado, sobre a produção de gases (PG), parâmetros cinéticos e perfil da fermentação da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu usando a técnica in vitro de produção de gases. O líquido ruminal foi obtido de dois ovinos Santa Inês canulados no rúmen, mantidos em regime de pastejo. A produção de gases acumulada foi obtida durante 96h00 de incubação, mensurada em 18 tempos. Ao final da incubação foram determinados o pH, produção de gás assintótica (mL g -1 ), taxa de degradação fracional (h -1 ), lag time (h), digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DMO, g/g MS incubada por 24h00), energia metabolizável (EM, MJ kg -1 MS) e a digestibi...

ResumoObjetivou-se buscar estudos que mostrassem a influência da adubação fosfatada e calagem na ecofisiologia de plantas forrageiras. O Fósforo é um elemento fundamental para a fisiologia vegetal participando do processo de obtenção de energia. No entanto é comum a deficiência deste elemento nos solos, assim a adubação com este elemento é amplamente testada. A amplitude da resposta varia com o tipo de planta, do solo, da inter-relação com outros nutrientes, no entanto observa-se resposta crescente amedida que

SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin in multiple supplements for grazing beef cattle on intake, nutrient digestibility, pH, ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen, and serum glucose. Five Nellore steers (initial BW of 480 kg [SD 15]), grazing a tropical pasture, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments used were control (no supplementation; only a mineral mixture ad libitum) and four levels of crude glycerin (0, 80, 160, 240 g/kg of supplements). Supplementation type had no impact (P > 0.05) on pH at 0 and 4 h after supplementation. Animals supplemented with different levels of crude glycerin showed higher N-NH3 values (P < 0.05) at 4 h after supplementation. Crude glycerin supplementation did not reduce pasture intake (P > 0.05), increasing dry matter intake (P > 0.05) due to increased organic matter digestibility (P > 0.05). Supplementation of 4 kg/animal with crude glycerin (240 g/kg supplement) did not reduce pasture intake and organic matter digestibility.