* Autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondenciaRecibido Jun. 18, 2014; Aceptado Ago. 19, 2014; Versión final recibida Sep. 29, 2014 Resumen El comportamiento viscoso de pulpas de cuarzo provenientes de moliendas fue caracterizado midiendo su viscosidad a diferentes tiempos de molienda y para varias concentraciones de sólidos, utilizando un viscosímetro Brookfield. Se usó el modificador reológico hidroxietilcelulosa (HEC) para preparar las suspensiones, evitar el problema de la sedimentación y evaluar la influencia de la concentración de sólidos en la pulpa y la diferencia en la granulometría. Los resultados indican que la característica newtoniana de una solución de HEC al 0.3% se ve afectado con el incremento de sólidos en la suspensión, siendo este efecto más marcado para una concentración de sólidos de 60%. Se observó también que para una misma concentración de sólidos la disminución del parámetro de tamaño de la muestra no produce cambios significativos en el comportamiento reológico de la pulpa, para porcentajes bajos de sólidos (menor a 40%). Palabras clave: reología, viscosidad, molienda, cuarzo, newtoniano Rheological Behavior of Quartz Slurries at different Solid Concentrations AbstractThe viscous behavior of quartz pulp from mills was characterized by measuring their viscosities at different times for several grinding times and solid concentrations, using a Brookfield viscometer. The rheology modifier hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) was used for preparing the suspensions, for avoiding the problem of sedimentation and for evaluating the influence of the concentration of solids on the pulp as well as on the difference in particle size. The results indicate that the Newtonian characteristic of a solution of 0.3% HEC is affected by the increase of solids in the suspension. This effect is more notorious for a solid concentration of 60%. It was also observed that for the same concentration, the solid size reduction parameter of the sample does not produce significant changes in the rheological behavior of the pulp, for low percentages (lower than 40%).
The rheological behavior of mineral slurries shows the level of interaction or aggregation among particles, being a process control variable in processes such as slurry transportation, dehydration, and wet grinding systems. With the aim to analyze the effect of medium viscosity in wet grinding, a series of monosize grinding ball mill tests were performed to determine breakage parameters, according to the generally accepted kinetic approach of grinding processes. A rheological modifier (polyacrylamide, PAM) was used to modify solutions viscosity. A model was proposed by means of dimensional analysis (Buckingham’s Pi theorem) in order to determine the behavior of the specific breakage rate (Sj) for a ball grinding process in terms of the rheology of the system. In addition to this, a linear adjustment was established for the relationship between specific breakage rates with and without PAM addition, based on the reduced viscosity, μr. Furthermore, within a certain interval of viscosity, it was proved that an increment of viscosity can increase the specific breakage rate, and consequently the grinding degree.
ResumenSe presentan los resultados del diseño y evaluación de dos sistemas de molienda en circuito cerrado, para un clasificador tipo ciclón neumático y uno tipo harnero vibratorio. Se comparan las eficiencias energéticas bajo similares condiciones de granulometrías a la entrada del molino, conservando el mismo tamaño de corte en el clasificador. El material se caracterizó mediante: fluorescencia de rayos X, area superficial por el método Brunauer-Emmet-Teller y análisis granulométrico por tamizado. Los resultados indican que la velocidad de giro del molino no tiene significancia estadística sobre la eficiencia mecánica de molienda. A partir de un análisis de superficies de respuestas se determinó que el ciclón favorece la eficiencia (valor óptimo 30%) comparado con el harnero (valor óptimo 18%). Los modelos encontrados para la determinación de la eficiencia mecánica del sistema molino-ciclón y molino-harnero, muestran correlaciones del 85 y 83 % respectivamente. Palabras clave: consumo energético, molienda, molino de bolas, clinker, circuito cerrado Design and Energy Evaluation of two Grinding and Classifier Circuits of a Pilot Scale Cement Clinker AbstractThe design and experimental evaluation of two grinding systems in closed circuit which use two types of classifiers, a pneumatic cyclone and a sieve vibratory, were carried out. The energetic efficiencies under similar conditions in material particle sizes at the mill entrance and keeping the same classifier were compared. The material was characterized by: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), surface area by the method Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and granulometry analysis by sieving. Results show that the mill speed does not have statistical significance over the grinding mechanical efficiency and using a response surface analysis was determined that the cyclone favors the milling (optimum value 30%) against the sieve vibratory type (optimum 18%). Models found for mechanical efficiency determination of the systems mill-cyclone and millsieve vibratory, show correlations of 85 % and 83%, respectively.
A rheological modifier was used to prepare solutions with viscosities of 1, 4, 6 and 8 cp, which exhibited Newtonian behavior. These solutions were later used to prepare suspensions of monosize quartz (53, 45 and 38 microns) at 60 % in solids. Monosize grinding tests in a laboratory ball mill were performed to determine breakage parameters, with different ball diameters. A model was developed to determine the specific rate of breakage in terms of the system rheology. With this model, it was demonstrated that an increase in suspending fluid viscosity until 6 cp, leads to an increased fracture rate and consequently affects the grinding degree. The above test is considered as an alternative for improving and optimizing such operations with excellent quality products with low energy and steel consumption, thereby minimizing environmental impact.
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