Maternal intake of soybeans in lactation changes the lipid content of breast milk and programmed offspring for phenotype of the lower metabolic risk, with lower serum TC and LDL, and seems to protect the progeny of alterations in glucose metabolism despite the higher lipid content. The difference in fat content of breast milk and the higher isoflavones content of soy diet are possible imprinting factors that could program the offspring.

The consumption of soybeans and their constituents, isolated soy protein and isoflavones, has been associated with positive effects on body weight, lipid profile and insulin, which has stimulated the production and consumption of foods derived from soy. However, these polyphenolic compounds (isoflavones) have similar structure to 17-β estradiol and may act as agonists or antagonists in estrogen receptors. Due to its estrogenic activity, the safety of its consumption during critical periods of development, such as gestation and lactation, has been questioned. Studies that evaluate the effects of soybeans on endocrine metabolic parameters are still controversial. This review focuses on the role that soy and isoflavones play during critical periods of development and into adulthood.

Associação entre medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal com os componentes da síndrome metabólica e índice de qualidade da dieta em adultos com excesso de peso Association between anthropometric measurements and body composition with components of the metabolic syndrome and quality index diet in overweight adult individuals AbstractIntroduction: The adiposity excess, especially in the abdominal region, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus type 2 and systemic arterial hypertension, among other clinical complications that affect quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the association between anthropometric measurements and body composition with components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and diet quality index (DQI) in subjects with overweight. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with patients treated at the UFOP Health Center. After the initial interview and anthropometric assessment, biochemical exams were requested. Dietary intake was assessed by dietary instruments used to calculate DQI. Statistical analysis were performed in SPSS 18.0 program. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (to evaluate the normality of the data) and the Pearson correlation were used. Results: The prevalence of MS was 15.7%. There was association between the DQI score with serum total cholesterol (r=0.320; p=0.041), and an inverse association between serum levels of HDL-c with body mass index (r=-0.434; p=0.002). The average consumption of the components of the DQI was within the recommendations of the Dietary Reference Intakes, except for sodium, which was above, and calcium, which was below of recommended values. There was no difference in the DQI items between individuals with and without MS (p> 0.05). Conclusion:The results shows accumulation of body fat, changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, inadequate intake of calcium and sodium, demonstrating the importance of nutritional counseling, preventing the occurrence of new morbidities.

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