In recent years the international debate about universality in health has been marked by a polarization between ideas based on a universal system, and notions proposing universal health coverage. The concept of universal coverage has been disseminated by international organizations and has been incorporated into health system reforms in several developing countries, including some in Latin America. This article explores the assumptions and strategies related to the proposal of universal health coverage. Firstly, a comparison is provided of the models of universal health coverage and universal health systems. This is followed by a contextualization of the international debate, including examples of different health systems. Finally, the implications of the proposal of universal coverage for the right to health in Brazil are discussed. The analysis of different concepts of universality and the experiences of different countries shows that health insurance-based models, either social or private, are not as satisfactory as public, universal health systems. Greater understanding about ongoing international projects is essential in order to identify the possibilities represented by the consolidation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, as well as the risks of dismantling the SUS.
La industria farmacéutica es un sector estratégico tanto para el desarrollo de un país como por sus interfaces con los sectores de salud, ciencia, tecnología e innovación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la literatura académica publicada sobre la industria farmacéutica en Colombia entre 1990 y 2018. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de alcance en la que, en total, 84 trabajos fueron incluidos: 71 artículos científicos y 13 documentos de literatura gris. Una tendencia al crecimiento de la literatura fue observada pero con persistencia del predominio de análisis económicos, financieros y de propiedad intelectual. Los únicos estudios sobre desarrollo tecnológico industrial farmacéutico, usando fuentes primarias, fueron publicados entre 2007 y 2010. No fueron identificados análisis centrados en ese sector usando como fuente secundaria las Encuestas de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica. Aunque los estudios con abordaje histórico, organizacional y de procesos de transformación de materiales contribuyeron al conocimiento sobre algunas empresas de capital nacional, se corroboró la persistencia de la brecha en el estudio del desarrollo y la acumulación de las capacidades de innovación de los fabricantes farmacéuticos, privados y públicos, en Colombia.
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