Este artículo presenta una revisión de los arreglos de gobernanza ambiental de los pagos por servicios ambientales (psa) en América Latina identificando los actores, marcos normativos y las instituciones que sustentan su instrumentación. Describir los arreglos de gobernanza ambiental es de particular relevancia ya que dentro de éstos se enmarca la gestión de los recursos naturales bajo el contexto de los servicios ambientales. El análisis demuestra que el Estado sigue cumpliendo un papel muy importante de arbitraje y de asignación de roles entre los actores involucrados, a pesar de la neoliberalización de la naturaleza y de la política de conservación. El estudio hace evidente la presencia de diferentes arreglos de gobernanza ambiental, caracterizados por el involucramiento de diversos actores, específicamente del sector privado, organizaciones no gubernamentales, organismos multilaterales y actores de base. Se concluye que, si bien los arreglos de gobernanza de los pagos por servicios ambientales han permitido democratizar los beneficios de la conservación, es necesario establecer derechos claros de propiedad sobre este tipo de servicios para contrarrestar las asimetrías experimentadas por las comunidades locales como parte de su condición vulnerable dentro de la lógica de la conservación neoliberal.
This paper combines long-term state-of-the-art climate projections and indices to provide detailed insights into the future climate of Suriname to facilitate comprehensive information of areas and sectors at high climate risk for political decision-making. The study analyses Suriname’s historical climate (1990–2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020–2044, 2045–2069, 2070–2094) and two emissions scenarios (intermediate/SSP2-4.5 and severe/SSP5-8.5). Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) modeling is used to analyze changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds. In addition, risk impact chains were produced for the country’s four most important socio-economic sectors: agriculture and fisheries, forestry, water, and infrastructure. Results show the temperature is expected to increase for all regions and timeframes, reaching warming up to 6 °C in the southern region in the long-term future (2070–2094). Projections point towards a reduction in precipitation in the southwest and coastal regions and a rise in mean sea level. Regarding risk, Paramaribo and Wanica face the highest climate risk. Coronie and Nickerie face the least climate risk. These regions remain the most and least vulnerable in both the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, but overall values of their risk indices increase substantially over time.
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