SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN1 (SND1) is a master regulator of fibre secondary wall deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), with homologs in other angiosperms and gymnosperms. However, it is poorly understood to what extent the fibre-specific regulation of the SND1 promoter, and that of its orthologs, is conserved between diverged herbaceous and woody lineages. We performed a reciprocal reporter gene analysis of orthologous SND1 promoters from Arabidopsis (AthSND1), Eucalyptus grandis (EgrNAC61) and Populus alba × P. grandidentata (PagWND1A) relative to secondary cell wall-specific Cellulose Synthase4 (CesA4) and CesA7 promoters, in both a non-woody (Arabidopsis) and a woody (poplar) system. β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the SND1 promoter was active in vascular tissues as previously reported and showed interfascicular and xylary fibre-specific expression in inflorescence stems, while reporter constructs of the woody plant-derived promoters were partial to the (pro)cambium-phloem and protoxylem. In transgenic P. tremula × P. alba plants, all three orthologous SND1 promoters expressed the GUS reporter similarly and preferentially in developing secondary xylem, ray parenchyma and cork cambium. Ours is the first study to reciprocally test orthologous SND1 promoter specificity in herbaceous and woody species, revealing diverged regulatory functions in the herbaceous system.
alkpase activity compared to PAN 311 with M48 and PAN 311 with maize but least in TUV 546 with maize. Un-inoculated sole-cropped PAN 311 had greater APase activity at Marapyane, followed by sorghum and TUV 546 and least in maize whilst at Mbombela, both maize and PAN 311 enhanced APase activity and least in sorghum and TUV 546. Alkpase activity was enhanced in un-inoculated cowpea than cereals at Marapyane whilst it was TUV 546, followed by maize, sorghum and PAN 311 at Mbombela. Inoculated PAN 311 elevated phosphatase activity than TUV 546 at Marapyane.The consumption of food and drinks high in phenolic compounds, is associated with good health and lowers the risk of serious health disorders. Helichrysum populifolium is a South African shrub high in phenolic compounds such as dicaffeoylquinic acids, or derivatives thereof. Extracts of H. populifolium have previously been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. Large scale isolation of the medicinally active dicaffeoylquinic acid from the plant is challenging since the plant is difficult to cultivate. The amount of active compounds produced can vary drastically between individual plants and little is known about the induction of synthesis of the active compounds in the Helichrysum species. The aim of this study was to optimize an in vitro micropropagation technique for H. populifolium using leaf discs as the starting material, and to study the production of medicinal dicaffeoylquinic acids. Helichrysum populifolium can be propagated in vitro by adding the plant growth hormones α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at a concentration of 2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively to Murashige and Skoog (MS) tissue culture media. Rooting of plantlet is achieved by adding 0.5 mg/L indole butyric acid (IBA) to the MS media. Additionally nodal cuttings proved to be a valuable way of propagating H. populifolium. Furthermore in vitro propagated plants adapted to field conditions producing the medicinally active 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, although wild plants had better biological activity (IC 50 = 13.53 μg/ml) against the live human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in vitro propagated plants (IC 50 = 40.4 μg/ml). Seasonal variation studies showed that the biological activity of H. populifolium against a live HIV varies through the different seasons.To establish Cyclopia, farmers use both seeds and cuttings as planting material. Plants of Cyclopia subternata established vegetatively produce higher yield of tea with better quality than their counterparts grown from seeds. These returns are despite the fact that the plants are established with no N or P fertilization in soils inherently low in plant-available P and N. Could the higher tea yield without fertilization be due to specialized mechanisms adopted by plants to enhance N and P uptake in these inherently low N and P soils? Young shoots of C. subternata were collected from the Kanetberg farm for analysis of 15 N and 13 C, and measurement of P. Concurrently, rhizosphere soil was sampled from targeted plants for assa...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.