Trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (lPV) (MK) was made, purified, and inactivated according to the amended Rijks Instituut (The Netherlands) protocol from primary monkey kidney tissue grown on microcarrier cultures. Losses of the type 2 component due to adsorption to the glass ampule occurred with the purified vaccine preparation. This problem was solved by changing the diluent, and the vaccine was submitted for evaluation in clinical trials at Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, Md.). Phase 2 of the development was to standardize production of IPV from MRC-5 (human diploid) cells on microcarriers and otherwise follow the Rijks Instituut's method. Results of experimental trivalent vaccine production and testing showed that the number of effective doses harvested from MRC-5 cell cultures compared favorably with vaccine derived from monkey kidney. The yields could be further increased with stearyl tyrosine as adjuvant. Large-scale production using 200-liter fermenters is in progress. Poliovirus particles of various densities in cesium chloride can be found in any IPV preparation and give rise to different immunogenic responses. As shown in this paper, some of these virus fractions produce a low primary humoral antibody response but appear to be important for memory induction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.