No abstract

No abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition in extracts of atemoya (var. Thompson) seed oil by spectrometric methods. The following extraction methods were performed: chemical extraction using hexane, mechanical extraction using a press, and partitioned extraction. The composition of each of the extracts was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and more than 100 compounds were identified. The major constituents of the hexane extraction were (Z)-hexadec-9-enal (49.42%) and triolein (23.28%), and the mechanically obtained extract contained elaidic acid (66.11%) and stearic acid (8.81%). In the partitioned extraction, the hydromethanolic fraction contained dihydroxyacetone (19.16%), 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone (16.34%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (10.77%), and 3-propanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro (9.89%); the hexane fraction contained gamma-sitosterol (31.73%), erucic acid (14.64%), stigmasterol (13.30%) and triolein (10.90%); the chloroform fraction contained gamma-sitosterol (22.11%), vaccenic acid (15.49%), triolein (14.65%) and stigmasterol (10.65%); and the ethyl acetate fraction contained (Z)-icos-9-enoic acid (31.28%), beta-sitosterol (16.29%), pentadecanoic acid (11.53%) and eicosanoic acid (8.01%).

The irrational use of water resources in Brazil has been causing concern to all sectors of society, including agriculture, which demands large amounts of water for its development. Thus, reuse of fish farming effluent is a viable alternative since it can be beneficial to plants. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fish farming effluent on the growth and development of maize and bean plants. Two water types (reservoir water and fish farming effluent) were evaluated using a completely randomized design with ten replications. At 50 days after sowing, the following were evaluated: plant height, root length, plant collar diameter, fresh matter of shoots, and dry matter of shoots and roots of maize and bean plants. Fish farming effluent application significantly influenced the development and growth of maize plants. For bean plants, the fish farming effluent did not influence their development and growth.

Background: Malaria is still a dangerous disease that impacts specially Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The development of therapies to overcome the parasite infection is an important challenge nowadays. The medicine primaquine (PQ) is used in the treatment, although several side effects and low oral bioavailability are reported. Objective: This work focused on the preparation and characterization of a complex between PQ and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), besides performing release tests of this formulation. Methods: PQ:HPCD complexes were prepared at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, by the lyophilization method. The association between PQ and HPCD was tested using UV-vis, infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy and NMR techniques (chemical shift, Job Plot, DOSY, and ROESY). Tests were also conducted to evaluate drug release before and after complexation with HPCD. Results: Results showed that there was a weak interaction of PQ with HPCD, forming non-inclusion complexes. These results were supported by FTIR results and spatial correlations between hydrogens from PQ with the external HPCD hydrogens. A 1:2 PQ:HPCD preferred molar ratio was determined by DSC and Job Plot experiments and the time to release 96% of the drug was 21.2 h slower after complexation. Conclusion: Conclusions indicate that PQ interacts poorly with HPCD, probably due to its hydrophilic character, as well as to its interaction with the external rim of HPCD. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant improvement in the release time after the complexation process, which could lead to an increase in the activity of the drug.

No abstract

No abstract