Abstrak-Kendali dan monitoring ketinggian air dalam sebuah tangki merupakan salah satu instumentasi komputer elektronika yang diperlukan di industri. Makalah ini membahas tentang sistem kendali dan monitoring ketinggian air pada suatu tangki berbasis sensor ultrasonik. Sensor ultrasonik merupakan suatu perangkat yang dapat mengukur jarak suatu objek dengan memanfaatkan pantulan gelombang ultrasonik. Sistem kendali dirancang menggunakan relai sebagai saklar yang diatur oleh mikrokontroler dengan metode kendali histerisis. Untuk menampilkan data pengukuran, perangkat antarmuka dirancang pula dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Processing dalam bentuk grafik, diagram batang, status pompa, dan durasi pengisian/pengosongan. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa sensor ultrasonik yang digunakan mampu mengukur ketinggian air dari 5 cm sampai 25 cm dengan rata-rata kesalahan pengukuran sebesar 4,93%. Sistem kendali histerisis yang dirancang mampu menghasilkan respon keluaran sistem sesuai dengan nilai referensi yang diberikan tanpa menghasilkan efek perpindahan cepat pada relai. Sebagai tambahan, sistem monitoring ketinggian muka air dapat ditampilkan dalam bentuk antarmuka pada perangkat lunak Processing secara interaktif. Kata kunci-Sistem kendali, monitoring, histerisis, ketinggian air, sensor ultrasonik Abstract-Control and monitoring systems of the water level tank is one of electrical, computer instrumentation that needed in industrial process. This paper presents control and monitoring systems of water level in a tank based on ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance of an object by using ultrasonic wave deflection. The control system is designed using relay as a switch which is controlled by a microcontroller with hysteresis control law. For monitoring and measurement data, the interface device is also designed using the Processing software in form of graphic, bar chart, pump state, and charging/discharging duration. Testing result shows that the ultrasonic sensor that used able to measure water level of 5 cm to 25 cm with error measurement 4.93%. A hysteresis control system that designed can produce output responses according to the setpoint value without generating relay's chattering. As an addition, monitoring system of water level can be displayed in the form of a software interface on the Processing interactively.
In the control system application, the existence of noise measurement may impact on the performance degradation. The noise measurement of the sensor is produced due to several reasons, such as the low specification, external signal disturbances, and the complexity of measured state. Therefore, it should be avoided to achieve the good control performance. One of the solutions is by designing a signal filter. In this paper, the design of Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm for ultrasonic range sensor is presented. KF algorithm is designed to overcome the existence of noise measurement on the sensor. The type of ultrasonic range sensor used is HC-SR04 which is capable to detect the distance from 2 cm to 400 cm. The discrete KF algorithm is implemented using ATMega 328p microcontroller on Arduino Uno board. The algorithm is then tested with different three covariance values of process noise. The test result shows that the KF algorithm is able to reduce the measurement noise of the ultrasonic sensor. The analysis of variance conducted shows that the smaller value of covariance matrix of the process and measured noises, the better filtering process performed. However, this results in a longer generated response time. Thus, an optimization is required to obtain the best filtering performance.
Sistem keamanan sepeda motor diperlukan untuk mengatasi peningkatan pencurian sepeda motor. Saat ini, solusi yang biasa dilakukan oleh pemilik sepeda motor hanya dengan memakai kunci ganda saja dimana pencuri sudah sangat menguasainya. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem keamanan yang lebih baik. Dalam makalah ini, akan dipaparkan suatu sistem keamanan sepeda motor berbasis Arduino-Android. Sistem kemanan ini berbasis relai dan akan dikendalikan melalui smartphone dengan sistem operasi Android v4.4 (KitKat). Sistem komunikasi dirancang dengan menggunakan modul bluetooth HC-06 yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan papan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Detail perancangan sistem dijelaskan pada makalah ini. Hasil pengujian menunjukan jarak maksimal komunikasi bluetooth antara pengendali (smartphone) dengan sistem pada sepeda motor yaitu 10 m.Kata kunci: sistem keamanan, Arduino, Android, bluetooth, sepeda motor
In designing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), such as quadrotor, sometimes an engineer should consider the required cost that is relatively expensive. As we know, quadrotor is one of robots that very usefull and has several advantages for human needs such as disaster area monitoring, air quality monitoring, area mapping, aerial photography, and surveillance. Thus, designing a rapid quadrotor with low-cost components and simple control system needs to be considered here. This paper presents design and implementation of a quadrotor using relatively low-cost components with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control system as its controller. The components used consist of microcontroller, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, Electronic Speed Control (ESC), remote control unit, battery, and frame. These components can be easily found in the electronic markets, especially in Indonesia. As an addition, this paper also describes PID control system as flight controller.A simple economic analysis is presented to clarify the cost in designing this quadrotor. Based on experimental testing result, the quadrotor able to fly stably with PID controller although there still overshoot at the attitude responses.
Air pollution is one of problems causing global warming that is currently taking a place. Several air quality monitoring devices usually located at the city center are only limited to display data at one point. Therefore, a mobile device to monitor air quality is needed so as to enable the monitoring in several points. This paper aims to design an air quality monitoring system based on quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology. The sensor system is designed to detect CO, CO2, air quality, and temperature variables. This sensor systems was then integrated with quadrotor in order to make the monitoring process can be carried out at various points. Quadrotor was designed using Ardupilot Mega (APM) 2.6 as the flight controler. Measurement data from system sensor was transmitted wirelessly using internet network via Wi-Fi module. Based on the test results, the sensor system was able to detect concentration of several test gas and was linear to the output voltage. Quadrotor orientation parameters at takeoff produced transient responses in less than 1 second. The air pollution sensor parameter data could also be displayed every 10 seconds on the ThingSpeak and ThingView interfaces, and could be mapped based on the data retrieval coordinates.
Air telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan utama manusia, khususnya pada aliran air sungai yang terhubung dengan limbah pembuangan industri. Persyaratan kualitas air yang berhubungan langsung dengan kesehatan diantaranya kadar pH, kekeruhan, dan suhu air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sistem pemantauan kualitas air sungai berbasis teknologi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) dan Internet of Things (IoT). Sistem pemantauan dirancang menggunakan sensor pH electrode probe untuk mengukur pH, GE turbidity SKU SEN0189 untuk mengukur kekeruhan, dan DS18B20 untuk mengukur suhu air. Perancangan sistem WSN menggunakan NRF24L01 untuk mengirimkan data sensor dari tiga node ke base sebagai pusat data, sedangkan perancangan IoT menggunakan ESP8266 sebagai pengirim data ke database melalui jaringan internet dan ditampilkan pada halaman website. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem pemantauan dapat bekerja dengan baik pada aliran sungai saat cuaca dan kondisi sungai yang normal dengan jangka waktu maksimal 3 jam.
AbstrakFuzzy Logic Control (FLC) merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian sistem yang saat ini banyak digunakan di beberapa disiplin ilmu, khususnya di bidang sistem kendali. Dalam perancangan FLC tidak diperlukan model matematis dari sistem yang akan dikendalikan. Hal ini menjadi salah satu keunggulan FLC sehingga perancangan pengendali lebih mudah dilakukan dengan hanya mengandalkan aturan logika. Pada makalah ini, akan dirancang FLC untuk sistem pendingin ruangan dan direalisasikan dalam bentuk prototype untuk kesederhanaan perancangan. Sistem ini memiliki masukan suhu ruangan dan banyaknya orang di ruangan, sedangkan keluarannya adalah tingkat pendinginan ruangan tersebut. Pengujian sistem ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil keluaran pengendali melalui simulasi Fuzzy Logic Toolbox yang tersedia pada MATLAB. Dua unit purwarupa dirancang dengan sensor masukan yang berbeda sebagai perbandingan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa purwarupa sistem pertama dan kedua mampu mengendalikan suhu ruangan dengan rata-rata kesalahan berturut-turut 1,31% dan 4,06% jika dibandingkan dengan simulasi MATLAB. I. PENDAHULUANFuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) merupakan salah satu aplikasi dari logika fuzzy di bidang sistem kendali. FLC telah digunakan di beberapa sistem dinamik dari mulai yang sederhana sampai yang kompleks. Kelebihan dari FLC salah satunya adalah tidak diperlukannya model matematis dari plant yang akan dikendalikan. Mekanisme pengambilan keputusan ditanamkan pada pengendali sebagai aturan dasar ketika pengendalian berlangsung.Salah satu aplikasi dari FLC adalah digunakan untuk mengendalikan suhu dalam ruangan. Sistem kendali suhu ruangan dirancang untuk menjaga suhu dalam suatu ruangan sesuai dengan referensi. Sistem ini biasanya ditanamkan pada komputer yang terintegrasi dengan pendingin ruangan. Untuk lebih mengetahui algoritma fuzzy ini bekerja pada sistem tersebut, salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan merancang purwarupa dari sistem tersebut baik dalam skala kecil maupun skala besar.
Process control is widely used in various industries to maximize production, maintain desired quality levels, product safety and make the process more economical. Control that is generally used in industry is to control liquids, such as controlling the level, flow, pressure, and temperature of the liquid using the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) method, the PID controller attempts to correct errors between the measured process variables and the desired set-point by calculation and then issue actions corrective which can be arranged according to the process. In the past, most PID controllers were based on microcontrollers, but now Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) can also operate PIDs with analog function control because PLC speeds and capabilities have increased. To meet the needs of student competence in process control following industry demands, especially the use of PLC with the PID Method, students need to be given knowledge and skills. One way is the availability of training modules that can grow their enthusiasm and skills when they learn. This paper presents the design and implementation of PLC Omron CP1H based process control training modules that can be used by students to study liquid level control in tanks with PLC-based PID methods. Based on the test results when the plant is disturbed, the system response obtained by the PID method is a 15 second settling time, 10.9% undershoot, and a steady-state value of 14.6 cm or ± 97.3% of the 15 cm setting value.
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