In cellular networks, physical resources are always limited, especially when shared among different contributors such as mobile network operator (MNO) or mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) etc. Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a Current research area. SDN-based cellular networks provide high Quality of Services (QoS) to the end-user and NFV provides isolation. The sharing of resources is often provided by leveraging virtualization. SDN can generate new forwarding rules and policies for dynamic routing decision based on the traffic classification. However, virtualization in cellular networks is still in infancy and many issues and challenges remain unaddressed. The queue-length problem for providing QoS is cellular network requires attention. The queue management requires separate management protocols for fair allocation of resources. In this research paper, we propose a novel framework for resource allocation and bandwidth management in the 5G cellular network. We are using two level of virtualization, i.e., implementing dynamic resource optimization at network slice manager and executing optimized policies at the wireless virtual manager.
Security threats are major barriers in authentication process in Fog Computing. Identification of a user through single signon process like simple password-based authentications are no longer considered secure. Different multi-tier authentication schemes exist in literature that overcome the weakness of single sign-on. This paper surveys state-of-the-art multi-tier authentication techniques, their vulnerabilities, security threats and their solution proposed over the period of 2012-2016. We compare the performance of existing multi-tier authentication schemes on three parameters, i.e., cost, usability and level of security. Multi-tier authentication schemes have been categorized into groups according to the factors involved in the authentication process. Lastly, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of the underlying authentication model adapted by each approach.
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