Pulsed I*(52P~/2) -I(52P3/2) lasing pumped by energy transfer from excited NCl(a'A) was observed in experiments in which iodine atoms and NC1 were produced by photodissociation of CHJ2 and ClN3, respectively. The inversion among the iodine atoms is pumped by NCl(a'A) generated in the chain decomposition of CIN3, rather than by excited NCl produced in the initial photodissociation. A kinetic model for the system which includes the energy transfer process, the chain decomposition of the azide, and I* loss processes is in qualitative accord with the observed I* chemiluminescence time profiles and the threshold times of the pulsed lasing.
investigate the role of Fabp4 on urolithiasis. 2)An in vitro study using murine renal tubular cells (RTC) was conducted to examine calcium oxalate crystallization via Fabp4. We compared the control group with the Fabp4 knockdown group after 6 hours exposure of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM).RESULTS: 1)The Fabp4 KO mice had significantly larger amounts of renal crystal deposits and urinary crystal than the WT mice. Additionally, the gene expression level of Ccl2 was lower in the Fabp4 KO mice than in the WT mice (figure 1A). The RNA-sequence result demonstrated that there were 16 genes commonly differentiated (>2fold) before and after renal crystal development in the Fabp4 KO mice compared with the WT mice. These genes were associated with downregulation of antioxidant activity, IgA binding, and Toll-like receptor binding; cell-cell adhesion and neutrophil aggregation; and IgA immunoglobulin complex in Gene Ontology analysis.2)In the Fabp4 knockdown RTC, COM crystal endocytosis rate was significantly lower than the control. Gene expression levels of Ccl2 and Tumor necrosis factor were higher in the Fabp4 knockdown RTC than those of the control (figure 1B).CONCLUSIONS: We have found that Fabp4 deficiency suppresses macrophage function and crystal endocytosis in renal tubular stones, leading to stone development. These data support a causal role for FABP4 in driving urinary stone formation.
We present preliminary stone ablation rate results from an automated bench model using two pulse-modulated Ho:YAG lasers and a thulium fibre laser (TFL) in contact and non-contact modes. Ablation rate was assessed using automated apparatus that moved the laser fibre across flat BegoStone phantoms at a constant stone-to-fibre working distance (WD). Pre-soaked and unsoaked stones were used. A range of powers (20–60 W) was tested at WD of up to 3 mm. In pseudocontact, the prototype Ho:YAG laser produced higher ablation than the reference Ho:YAG laser at all powers tested (p < 0.002), and higher ablation than TFL at 20 W and 40 W (p < 0.001). At distance, ablation rates for the prototype were higher than the reference Ho:YAG laser using pre-soaked stones at WD up to 3 mm (p < 0.001). TFL required the laser fibre to be moved faster (5–12 mm/s) for optimal ablation, compared to 1–3 mm/s for the Ho:YAG lasers. TFL was unable to demonstrate ablation with unsoaked BegoStone. At any given power, similar ablation rates were achievable with all three lasers under optimised conditions. Novel pulse-modulation modes demonstrated higher ablation rates than the reference Ho:YAG laser’s pulse-modulation at a range of powers and WDs. Ablation rate of Ho:YAG lasers decreased linearly with WD whereas the ablation rate of TFL decreased rapidly beyond 2 mm WD. TFL was more affected by scan speed and pre-soaking of stone than Ho:YAG lasers. Ho:YAG lasers may be more practical in clinical settings because they are less dependent on ablation technique.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.