This paper outlines the design of a specialized alpha-biofeedback system for use in the treatment of anxiety. The relationship of electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha activity to various anxiety states is described, and the rationale for use of alpha-biofeedback training with chronic anxiety patients is explained. Those features of the specialized system, and associated training methods, which are considered essential for this particular application are described and include the following: (1) use of visual feedback and eyes-open training; (2) use of oculomotor influences to facilitate alpha production; (3) encouragement of a passive attitude in the patient by using both verbal instructions and 'low-information' feedback with covert shaping. The training procedures used and the design and function of the instrument are described. The initial clinical results obtained with this equipment are also presented.
Dental trauma are accidental injuries, that may occur in any stage of life, be it infancy, childhood, adolescence or adulthood. Most TDIs occur at home, followed by at school and in the street or other public places. Such injuries may have better prognosis if the general public were informed about basic first-aid measures and seek medical care promptly. As dental healthcare providers, it is our responsibility to identify and either provide the necessary care for children with acute traumatic dental injuries or refer the case for optimal care depending on the complexity of the injury and the clinician’s knowledge, and expertise. Dental traumatology requires more attention and profound discussion in paediatric dentistry as dental and oro-facial trauma is being encountered commonly, in children.
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