Background: Contraceptives are effective ways with which couples can limit or space the number of children they have. Several methods of contraception exist, both modern and traditional methods. Couples have a myriad of these from which to choose from. However, contraceptive discontinuation and switching are a reality. The dynamics of contraceptive use, discontinuation and switching are important markers of how well the programs are meeting the family planning needs of women and couples. The aim of the study was to ascertain the magnitude of women who wanted to discontinue or switch their present contraceptive methods and establish the reasons why. Methods: Our study was a cross sectional descriptive study of women attending the family planning clinic of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia over a 12 month period. A self-administered structured questionnaire was administered to the family planning clinic clients after obtaining a written informed consent. Results: Contraceptive discontinuation rate was 36.5%, and the switching rate was 5.2%. The commonest reasons for discontinuing contraception were; desirous of pregnancy (43%), side effects of method (28.2%), husband’s disapproval (16.7%), marital dissolution (4.2%), inconvenience of use (3.1%), failure of method (1.6%) and menopause (0.4%). The reasons for switching were also similar and include; side effects of the method (51.4%), inconvenience of use (16.2%), husband’s disapproval (8.1%), personal choice (5.4%) and marital dissolution (2.7%). Conclusions: We concluded that the contraceptive discontinuation rate was moderately high, while the switching rate was low. We recommend adequate counseling of clients before contraceptive uptake to forestall this.
Introduction: Contraception is the prevention of conception that is pregnancy. On an individual basis, it is important to ensure that all pregnancies are wanted or intended. 71% and 74% of women and men know the role condoms plays in safe sex. Safe sex prevents STIs such as; HIV, Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Genital Herpes simplex virus, Human Papilloma virus (HPV), anogenital warts, Molluscum contagiosum, viral hepatitis, chancroid, amongst others. Furthermore, national contraceptive of prevalence of 12% does not get the work done. Of important not is the fact that there was only a 2% increase in a 5-year period, between 2013 and 2018. This was accompanied by a 0.2% increase in unwanted pregnancies. Hence, an obvious increase in the unmet need for contraceptives. AIM: The objective of this article is to highlight the commonly faced short comings to the (proper) use of Modern contraceptives and practice of safe sex in Nigeria. Discussion: The points under which the above objectives will be discussed have been summarized into an 11-points acronym; Contracept. C-Condoms O-Oral Sex N-Nonavailability and Inaccessibility T-Tribes and Cultures R-Religion and Myths A-Abuse C-Clinical Counsellings E-Education P-Parternal Opinions T-Transactional Sex S-Side Effects Conclusion:The population load, religious and cultural diversity, illiteracy burden and quality of health care disparity in Nigeria leaves a lot of gaps to be filled in attaining a nationwide alacrity to regular and appropriate modern contraceptive use and practice of safe sex in Nigeria. Nigeria being a very sentimental nation as regards reproductive health talks and practices is witnessing an increase in its sexually active population and with it, related pathologies and unwanted pregnancies. Appropriate utilization of modern contraceptives is primal to the eradication of unsafe abortions and their complications in Nigeria.
The aim of this paper was to study and understand the sexuality, pattern and the age of sexual debut amongst young reproductive aged Nigerian health students. Methodology: It was a double-blinded cross-sectional study conducted amongst 81 participants. All participants were delegates present at the SRHR-session of the 2 nd Nigerian Health Students summit. Data on variables were obtained using a validated data collection tool that was distributed via a google online form. Analysis was done using a google spread sheet analyzer. Written consent was sought from each participant on the questionnaire. Results: 61.3% have had their sexual debut, while 38.7% have not had their sexual debut. 92% identified as heterosexuals (straight), 3.7% bisexuals, 1.2% identified as purely homosexuals, while 3.1% preferred not to say. The pattern of debut identified here were consented, coerced and forced. Majority of the sexually active respondents had their sexual debut between the ages of 16 and 20 years of age. 16.5% of all those who had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15 are now heterosexuals (straight), while 83.5% of them now identify as bisexuals. Conclusion: Pattern and age of sexual debut has a significant role to play in the sexual life of an individual.
Challenges associated with habitual intake of alcohol including health, social, psychological and especially reproductive health needs urgent attention. This study aimed to determine the spermatotoxic effect of selected traditional alcoholic beverages in rats. A total of 30 normal male Spaque dawley strain albino rats weighing 180-220g, divided into 5 groups of 6 rats in each were administered with 10ml/kg p.o each of pito, goskolo and ogogoro, goskolo respectively and 0.5ml/kg normal saline for a period of 21 days. Sperm samples were harvested from the left caudal portion epididymis assayed for sperm motility, sperm morphology and sperm count after which histological examination was carried out on the testes. Results showed that active, sluggish and dead sperm cells were goskolo>pito>burukutu>control>ogogoro, ogogoro> burukutu> control>goskolo>pito and control>pito>ogogoro>burukutu>goskolo respectively. For morphology of sperm cells, it was goskolo>ogogoro>burukutu>control>pito (normal) and pito>control>burukutu> ogogoro> goskolo (abnormal). Also, that of sperm count was goskolo>ogogoro>pito>burukutu>control. Results further showed that ogogoro and goskolo caused significant negative effects on quantity and quality of sperm cells with alteration of histological parameters marked with altered secondary spermatogonia and spermatid. These effects were however mild with pito and burukutu. Traditional alcoholic beverages from North central Nigeria ‘pito’, 'burukutu', 'ogogoro', and goskolo' have negative on the quantity and quality of sperm cells with marked with infraction of spermatogonia of male albino rats. As a result of the spermatotoxic properties of these locally available and often ingested drinks by males predominantly in the reproductive age brackets will do well to avoid and or minimize its use as it leads to reprotoxicity.
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