Abstract. Polymer modified mortar system is defined as hydraulic cement combined at the time of mixing with organic polymers that are dispersed or re-dispersed in water, with or without aggregates. The compressive strength and flexural strength of polymer modified mortar obtained at early age are low and it required prolong curing period for the strength enhancement. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of cementitious mixture as well as its durability, hybridization of polymeric modifiers are applied into cementitious mixture specimens. Thus, this study is intended to examine the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer modified mortar system at various levels of polymeric modifier dosage; styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and epoxy resin. Laboratory tests for density, compressive strength and flexural strength were carried out to determine the strength of hybrid polymer modified mortar. In this study, the hybrid polymer of SBR latex with epoxy resin gives discontented results compared to unmodified cement system. The results of density, compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid polymer modified cement system had shown negative outcomes and did not make any improvement to cement system.
This article articulates a framework suitable to use when making a decision about student seating arrangement in the classroom at school level as a research aim. The decision makers should establish what are the potential types of seating arrangement? Then evaluate them in terms of its contribution, significance, and impact to the student learning development. The problem of a seating arrangement is usually related to the seating student position selection that is usually decided by teachers or students that can freely choose their own seating. There are three (3) objectives covered in this article; objective 1: to justify the main factors influencing classroom seating arrangement at school building, objective 2: to identify the common patterns of seating arrangement applied for school level and objective 3; to determine the best practice of seating arrangement for 21st century classroom approach at school building. The article articulates a theory of seating arrangement in reference to five (5) common forms of seat arrangement, namely Traditional (columns and rows), Cluster, U-shaped, Stadium, and Runaway. The performance of students might drop especially weak students who are sitting at the back of the classroom if the students are not judiciously arranged. Thus, seating arrangements should be set properly to ensure optimal quality of learning in a classroom. The technique of comparative analysis was used in this study. The findings had shown that cluster seating arrangement is relevant with the 21st century learning approach, which provides more availability of collaborative learning, where it contributes to student-centred learning in a classroom.
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