This study provides additional support for the effectiveness of integrative reminiscence therapy as an intervention for depressed older adults living in residential care settings. This study also provides support for the hypothesis that certain types of reminiscence produce their own specific effects.

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Introduction: Despite recent interest in the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) for cancer, evidence of beneficial effects is lacking. This study examined the impact of a randomly assigned KD on quality of life, physical activity and biomarkers in patients with breast cancer. Method: A total of 80 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer and without a history of renal disease or diabetes were randomly assigned to either a KD or a control group for this 12-week trial. Concurrent with the first, third, and fifth chemotherapy sessions, quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers (thyroid function tests, electrolytes, albumin, ammonia, ALP, lactate and serum ketones) were assessed. Dietary intake was also recorded on admission and the end of the treatment. Results: No significant differences were seen in quality of life or physical activity scores between the two groups after 12 weeks; however, the KD group showed higher global quality of life and physical activity scores compared to the control group at 6 weeks (P = 0.02 P = 0.01). Also, serum lactate and ALP levels decreased significantly in the KD group compared to the control group at the end of the intervention (10.7 ± 3 vs 13.3 ± 4, 149 ± 71 vs 240 ± 164, P = 0.02 and P = 0.007, respectively). A significant inverse association was observed between total carbohydrate intake and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate at 12 weeks (r = − 0.77 P < 0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed in thyroid hormones, electrolytes, albumin, LDH or ammonia. Compliance among KD subjects ranged from 66.7 to 79.2% as assessed by dietary intake and serum ketones levels of > 0.5.

This study revealed that there was a correlation between ghrelin and EGF level in breast milk of mothers with obese and non-obese infants, suggesting a possible regulatory effect of these two hormones on weight in infants.

Our findings provide a positive association of maternal weight, daily breast milk intake, EGF, and ghrelin with infant's body weight.

IntroductionFast food consumption and skipping breakfast has been increasingly prevalent among high school adolescents in recent years. These unhealthy food habits are considered as risk factors of chronic diseases among adolescents and adults.AimTo determine the consumption amount of fast food, breakfast, and some associated factors in adolescents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study in 2015, 553 adolescent students aged 14–18 years were randomly selected among high schools of Sanandaj, Iran. Demographic data and also consumption amount of fast food and breakfast in adolescents in addition to the related factors were studied. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability and validity were measured by five experts and analyzed with SPSS-16 by Chi-square test and ANOVA.ResultsThe results show that 69.8 % of subjects consume fast food at least once a week. Fast food and breakfast consumption is related significantly to subjects’ fathers’ occupation respectively (p=0.005), (p=0.006). Eating breakfast is significantly higher among boys than girls (p<0.001). There is also a significant relationship between adolescents’ age and parents’ education level, and adolescents’ breakfast consumption respectively (p=0.003), (p<0.001). The studied factors affecting adolescents’ fast food consumption are: their own and their families and friends’ interest and accompaniment, advertisement, close proximity of school and home to fast food stores.ConclusionThe consumption of fast food is high among Iranian adolescents. It correlates significantly with variables including father’s occupation and all of the associated factors. Breakfast consumption correlates significantly with adolescents’ age and gender, as well as parents’ occupation and educational level.

Introduction: The prevalence of both obesity and vitamin D deficiency has been dramatically increased worldwide. Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D serum level and anthropometric indices of overweight and obese male adolescents at baseline and after 18 weeks of a weight reduction intervention. Methods: This study was carried out on 90 male students aged 12 to 16 years who were randomly selected from two schools in Tehran, Iran. The participants were assigned to two groups with high and low vitamin D level based on their serum vitamin D levels at baseline. Five ml blood samples were collected at the baseline and after the 18 weeks of a weight reduction intervention. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent and body muscle percent were measured using a bio impedance analysis (BIA) scale. Results: Vitamin D level in non-obese adolescents was significantly higher than the obese participants (44.01 vs 37.67 ng/dl, p < 0.04). However, there was no significant correlation between changes of vitamin D level and anthropometric measurements after 18 weeks. Adjusting the effect of age did not alter the association. Further adjustments for physical activity, dietary intake of vitamin D, and fat and muscle percentage had no effect on the results. Conclusion: The serum level of vitamin D was negatively associated with obesity, but not with short-term changes of anthropometric measurements in male adolescents.