Climate change is recognized as an important issue at the center of world discussion. The importance of agriculture and forestry in the control or mitigation of climate is an important issue that has gained a lot of attention recently. Climate smart agricultural and forestry practices a situation where practices that will promote mitigation and reduce emission towards a better food security and environmental friendly weather are considered in this review paper. Also the role played by extension workers was also discussed. Climate smart agricultural and forestry practices such as planting of drought resistant crops, changes in cropping pattern, irrigation efficiency improvement, afforestation and agro-forestry were elucidated. It was concluded that an extensive extension service that will adequately educate and reach out to stakeholders at all levels will improve capacity to control the impact of climate change.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) has been grown for thousands of years in Africa where its leaves are consumed in human and animal. Kenaf is grown in home garden for fibre, the more tender upper leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten either raw or cooked. The leaf silage is used in feeding of farm dairy animals. Seed borne pathogen are known to have negative effects on the viability of a seed and possibly on the growth and yield of a plant. Therefore this study involves Isolation, Observation and Characterization of seed borne pathogen of kenaf seeds. The seed samples used were 2QQ,
Bioactive phytochemical constituents in medicinal plants are sources and templates for the synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs, this study has revealed the phytochemicals present in Phyllantus amarus and Azadiractha indica. screening of the extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Azadirachta indicawhich indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in varying concentrations within the aqueous and methanol extracts. Flavonoids were abundant in the crude methanolic and aqueous extract of A.indica but were absent in the methanolic and aqueous extract of P.amarus. Alkaloids were also abundantly present in the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A.indica but were significantly absent in the crude methanol and aqueous extract of P.amarus. Saponins were slightly and moderately present in the methanol and aqueous crude extract of P.amarus while it was slightly present in both the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A. indica. Tannins were not detected in the crude methanol extract of P.amarus but were moderately present in the aqueous extract while it was slightly and moderately present in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of A.indica. Anthraquinones were slightly present in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of both P.amarus and A.indica. Terpenoids were not detected in the crude methanol extract of P.amarus but was slightly detected in the crude aqueous extract and in both the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A.indica. Cardiac glycosides were absent in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of P.amarus and A.indica.
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