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Abstract-

Honeybee Apis mellifera adansonii, dominant honey producing species in Nigeria was subjected to genetic variability studies using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) in other to provide the baseline data in Nigeria. Nine (9) Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers were used to assess the genetic diversity in Two (2) worker bees each collected from 22 colonies found in the four apiaries in Ijebu environs of Ogun State. Data collected were subjected to analysis and results showed that six (6) out of nine primers produced 80 reproducible, polymorphic bands while the remaining three (3) were monomorphic. Gene diversity (H ) in total population and magnitude of differentiation among T populations (FST) was 0.430 and 0.340, respectively. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) partitioned the total genetic variation as 70% within, 30% among populations. The cluster analysis showed that Ipari-Oke 3 and Odo-Epo 1-8 populations diverged from others which showed they are closer in genetic distances while Ipari-Oke 1 and Odo-Epo 2-5 were newly observed subcluster which represents another subspecies. In conclusion, genetic variations existed amongst the honey worker bees populations in Ogun State.

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Three hundred and ninety accessions comprising 260 cultivated and 130 wild cowpea accessions were evaluated phenotypically using 27 cowpea descriptors. Morphological evaluation of some qualitative traits revealed 11.92% and 29.23% presence of pigmentation on the stem, 1.53% and 20.76% presence of stripes on the pod, and 0% and 20% presence of hairiness on the plant of cultivated and wild cowpeas respectively. As for the molecular analysis, sixteen SSR primers were employed for genotyping 48 accessions from both wild and cultivated cowpeas. The data generated a dendrogram with three clusters, two of which consisted of wild cowpea while the third cluster comprised all the cultivated cowpeas, including the yard-long-bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) and Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica accessions. Two wild accessions of subsp. dekindtiana, and one each of subsp. kgalagadensis and protracta clustered with cultivated cowpea indicating their relationships with cultivated cowpea, but not with other wild cowpeas. The numbers of polymorphic SSR bands in cultivated and wild cowpeas were 38 and 54, respectively, while the PIC values were 4.47 and 6.14, respectively, showing a greater genetic diversity in wild than in cultivated cowpeas. The subsp. dekindtiana had the highest number (80%) of shared SSR bands with cultivated cowpea followed by subsp. protracta with 54% of shared bands. Five species of wild cowpea have hairs and so could be used in breeding for resistance to insects.