Pest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami
Research on improving fertilization technology of upland rice is still being developed. This research aimed to examine the most efficient technology fertilization (NPK and Urea) to increase the productivity of upland rice. Research had been conducted in upland rice fields, located at Ploso Kerep, Indramayu District, in MT I 2012/2013 designed in split plot with three replications. The main plot was the level of NPK fertilizer, consisting of (A) Without NPK (0 kg / ha), (B) NPK 100 kg / ha, (C) NPK 200 kg / ha, and (D) NPK 300 kg / Ha, and as subplots are (1) Without Urea 0 kg / ha, (2) Urea 100 kg / ha, (3) Urea 200 kg / ha and (4) Urea 300 kg / ha. The results showed that NPK and Urea can improve growth and yield of upland rice. NPK fertilizer with 300 kg / ha has produced the highest number of panicles per hill (12.07 grain panicles), while at Urea 200 kg / ha resulted in the highest panicle number of 11.54 grain panicles. The highest dry grain yield (5.78 t / ha) was obtained at NPK 300 kg / ha with an average increase of 100 kg / ha NPK reaching 370 kg / ha. The combination of NPK 300 kg / ha and with 300 kg urea / ha, the weight of 1000 urea 300 kg / ha can be increased to 7.58% when compared without fertilizing.
At present, the international market prefers to rice with some specific characters such as long slender shape, soft with 22-24% amylose content, a high percentage of head rice, and also aromatic. To fulfill rice with export standard, the farmers who involve have to apply good agricultural practices (GAP). Therefore need a high yielding variety, one of those varieties is hybrid rice variety possessing long slender shape, soft, a high percentage of head rice, and aromatic. Small Farmers, Large Field (SFLF) scheme was assumed précised and local specific for low land rice cultivation. This concept was integrated for farmers with small land holding to increase benefit collectively. The concept also integrated all cultivation system starting from planting up to marketing which was done together by some stakes holders. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the hybrid rice productivity in large scale, (2) verify and validate the development of hybrid rice technology in small farmer large field’s model, and (3) analyze the preference of farmers to hybrid rice varieties. The research activities consisted of SFLF approach by using hybrid rice varieties with Jarwo Super system in large scale. Adoption survey and preference test for the farmer in term of rice plant performance, quality of grain paddy and rice which was done simultaneously in subak Tajen, Penebel sub-district, Tabanan district, Bali province. Dem-farm was conducted at 50 ha with hybrid rice varieties from ICRR and private company. Average hybrid rice yield is about 7.5 ton/ha to 13.5 ton/ha. The results of participatory varietal selection showed that the yield potential, performance of the plant, tolerance to pest and disease, and quality of grain from hybrid rice varieties had a positive influence on farmers’ preference.
Varietas yang dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan pengelolaan lingkungan budidaya berbasis organik tanpa mempengaruhi produktivitas dan kualitasnya diperlukan untuk mendukung penanaman padi berbasis organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh budidaya padi berbasis organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil varietas Inpari 24 yang merupakan varietas beras fungsional dan varietas Mantap yang merupakan varietas potensi hasil tinggi. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BB Padi) pada bulan Juni hingga September 2019. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan tersarang dimana budidaya padi (berbasis organik dan budidaya eksisting) sebagai petak utama dan varietas (Inpari 24 dan Mantap) sebagai anak petak. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakteristik tanah, pertumbuhan tanaman, hasil dan komponen hasil. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan sebanyak enam ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan budidaya dan varietas. Pengaruh perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji t untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan budidaya eksisting, budidaya padi berbasis organik menurunkan kemampuan varietas Inpari 24 dan Mantap untuk tumbuh dan memberikan hasil yang optimal. Penurunan hasil pada varietas padi fungsional Inpari 24 mencapai 53,60%, sedangkan varietas potensi hasil tinggi Mantap mengalami penurunan hasil sebesar 23,43%. Penurunan hasil ini selaras dengan penurunan kemampuan pembentukan anakan dan pembentukan malai, berkurangnya bobot gabah 1000 butir serta kemampuan mempertahankan kehijauan daun bendera hingga panen. Persentase penurunan hasil yang lebih kecil pada varietas Mantap menunjukkan bahwa varietas tersebut lebih beradaptasi terhadap perubahan pengelolaan lingkungan yang terjadi pada budidaya organik.
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