BACKGROUND: Liver ultrasonography is frequently recommended in Hepatitis patients. Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by infection with microorganisms, drugs, and alcohol. Hepatitis causes liver cell damage and sometimes can change the echostructure of ultrasonography. These changes have affected the value of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT).
AIM: The study aimed was to identify the correlation of liver ultrasonography with liver function (AST / ALT) in patients with suspected Hepatitis.
METHOD OLOGY: The method was a Cross-Sectional approach to identify the relationship of liver ultrasonography, including echostructure, size, edge or surface, portal vein, gall bladder with AST and ALT in patients with suspected Hepatitis. The subjects were from PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta, 2015-2018, 18-60 years old. They were identified using ALT and AST and proposed ultrasonography of the liver and gallbladder. The samples size consisted of 68 men and 32 women. Liver enzyme and ultrasonography did not know the results of this examination (blind). The relationship between the two variables was analyzed through the Chi-Square.
RESULTS: The result was showed a significant relationship between liver ultrasonography, including the echostructure, size, portal vein dilatation with AST and ALT, and p-value for echo structure to AST 0.05 and ALT 0.02. The p-value of liver size revealed an AST of 0.03 and a p-value of a portal venous wall with AST 0.06 and with ALT of 0.02.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between echostructure, liver size, and portal vein wall with AST and ALT. The liver surface edge and gallbladder had no significant relationship with AST and ALT.
More than half of people with Diabetes Mellitus experience distress. Spirituality-religiosity strengthens mental health status through coping mechanism for handling distress in type 2 DM patients. The majority of the population in Indonesia is Muslim; therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between Islamic spirituality and distress in type 2 DM patients. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Subjects were type 2 DM patients, both outpatient and inpatient, diagnosed at least more than six months. Interviews about spirituality used the Holistic Health Care (HHC) questionnaire, while distress used the Diabetes Distress Screening Scale (DDSS) questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out using the Spearman test and Somers'd test. Forthy six subjects were obtained with an age range between 45 to 75 years old. Based on the data analysis, it showed that there was a positive correlation (p 0.020; r -0.343) between Psychospiritual and DM Distress scores. Furthermore, there was a moderate correlation between Islamic spirituality and distress in type 2 DM patients.
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