Abstract. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of aqueous and the hydroethanolic extracts of C. jagus were investigated on diabetic rats MACAPOS 1. Diabetes was induced on 6-8 weeks old wistar rats with high sugar diet (HSD) associated, one month after the beginning of the HSD, with dexamethasone (DXM) injection (25 µg/kg once every 2 days during 3 weeks). During 50 days, diabetic rats orally received Metformine (38 mg/kg bw), C. jagus hydroethanolic (75, 150 mg/kg bw) or aqueous (150 mg/kg bw) extracts. Treatment with extracts caused significant (P< 0.01) decrease in fasting glycemia, creatinemia, proteinuria, urine volume with concomitant increase in creatinuria, proteinemia, superoxide dismutase, catalase and thiol proteins. C. jagus extracts restored the imbalance of seric and urinary electrolytes, and significantly (P<0.01) increased peripheral sensibility to pain; the hydroethanolic extract was, in a dose dependant manner, more effective than aqueous extract and metformine. These results indicated that C. jagus extracts could possess antioxidant and antidiabetic activities on MACAPOS 1 diabetic rats, and could also improve renal and neurological diabetes damage. The results thus support the use of C. jagus in African folk medicine, mostly in diabetes mellitus treatment and likely its complications.
Increased consumption of high-calorie foods leads to obesity usually associated with metabolic disorders including diabetes, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Ganoderma applanatum is a nonedible mushroom traditionally used in West Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, diabetes, and hepatitis. This study was designed to investigate the antidyslipidemic potential of water-soluble polysaccharides of G. applanatum in MACAPOS-2- (maize, cassava, palm oil, and sugar) induced obese rats. For this purpose, obesity was induced on 6–8-week-old male Wistar rats with a local high-fat diet for four months. G. applanatum polysaccharides (GAPs) obtained by hot water extraction were orally administered to obese rats for two months at different dose levels (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg bodyweight), and its potential was investigated on food consumption, bodyweight gain, serum, and tissue lipids parameters. GAP extract increased the bodyweight gain by raising the food intake of obese rats. Furthermore, the administration of GAP extract at different dose levels significantly decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the atherogenic index from 50 to 150 mg/kg bodyweight. Conversely, GAP extract improved the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in obese rats compared with untreated rats after two months’ study period. These results indicated that GAP extract may be considered as a novel bioactive compound against dyslipidemia and its associated complications.
Introduction: Ganoderma resinaceum is used to treat oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different extracts from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Methods: Aqueous crude (GRT), mycelial (MYC), exopolysaccharide (EPS I, EPS II), and water-soluble polysaccharide-rich (GRP I and GRP II) extracts of G. resinaceum were assessed for their free radical scavenging and metal chelating ions assays. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by stabilization of erythrocytes’ membranes and protein denaturation assays. For the in vivo study, paw oedema was induced by administration of κ-carrageenan (0.1 mL; 1%) to male Wistar rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. Animals were pre-treated with G. resinaceum extracts (125 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg). Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were determined, and histological analysis of paw tissue was performed. Results: G. resinaceum polysaccharide-rich extracts (GRP I and GRP II) showed the best bioactivities. They scavenged DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzylthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and NO (nitric oxide) radicals, and chelated ferrous ions, stabilized murine erythrocyte membranes, and inhibited protein denaturation. At 125 mg/kg, GRP I and GRP II restored the microarchitecture with a weak infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous tissues. Moreover, they decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines growth colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), chemokines (eotaxin, fractalkine), and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12p70). Conclusion: G. resinaceum polysaccharide extracts could be potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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