I. Historical roots of research on ergs (pp. 280-281). 11. The action dejnition und ergir measrrrement of nttitudes (pp. 281-282). 111. The experiment and stali.sticd analyses (pp. 282-286). IV. UiscussicnL of ergic patterns presented by the factors (pp. 286-290). V . Summary and view of furthpr resmrrh (pp. 2W-293). References (pp. 293-294).
Frequency and severity of life changes were compared to frequency and severity of physical and psychological disorders for a sample of 90 college students. Four scores for life changes were, calculated from a life events questionnaire. A subject's score was the sum of his life change events when each item was weighted for the amount of social readjustment caused by the event by: (1) the mean ratings of all subjects, (2) the mean rating of only the subjects who experienced the item-event in the last 12 mo., and (3) the subject's own rating. (4) The final score was the number of events marked. Two scores for disorders were computed from the Seriousness of Illness Rating Scale. They were (1) the total for items marked when each item was weighted for severity and (2) the number of items marked. The largest correlation between life changes and disorders was between number of events and number of disorders (r = .34). Weighting life change scores with experiences' means provided the largest correlations with disorder scores while weighting with individual weights provided the smallest correlations with disorders. No differences were found between the two measures of disorder.
Sunzmary.-Empirical relationships basic to two controversial hypotheses concerning the relationship of awareness to verbal operant conditioning and conditioning of meaning were studied. Experimental procedures integrated the two conditioning processes, systematically varied verbal reinforcements for Ss' verbal responses, measured awareness by questionnaire, and measured rated meaning of nonsense syllables, which had been associated with meaningful words. 15 Ss were assigned to each cf six experimental groups in a 2 X 3 factorial design.The two independent variables involved variations in reinforcement of ( a ) word responses and ( b ) awareness statements. Results supported four hypotheses:( 1 ) Conditioning of meaning and verbal operant conditioning can occur together.( 2 ) Awareness statements are operantly conditionable. ( 3 ) Verbal reinforcements can be arranged to produce either covariacion of awareness sratements and verbal conditioning or lack of covariation. ( 4 ) Awareness statements during conditioning relare significantly to awareness measured by postconditioning questionnaire. Also, questionnaire awareness is unrelated to conditioning of meaning.
The correlation between life change events and occurrence of disorders was investigated with the use of moderator variable measures of Jungian types, health locus of control, and optimal stimulation level. One hundred and twenty-four graduate and undergraduate men and women at Oregon College of Education were Ss. The following levels of moderator variables produced significant correlations: Introvert, Thinking, Feeling, Judgment, rational functions, and external health locus of control. The suggested rationale for integrating these findings is that high correlations between life change events and occurrence of disorders result from low levels of awareness and limited choices, accompanied by high degrees of conditionability.
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