The combination of computed tomographic (CT) venography and pulmonary angiography (CTVPA) was initially described in 1998 as a single comprehensive noninvasive imaging examination for suspected thromboembolic disease. It allowed the identification of pulmonary embolism as well as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the abdomen, pelvis, thighs, and calves. The venographic portion of CTVPA has now been studied by multiple researchers and has been shown to be an accurate imaging study for the thigh veins in comparison with lower extremity sonography. In contrast to sonography, however, CTVPA readily and rapidly permits evaluation of the inferior vena cava, the pelvic veins, the calf veins, and all of the superficial venous system. Complex venous anatomy can be surveyed, an additional sonographic study is not required, and only a few extra minutes and images are required over and above CT pulmonary angiography. A review of 957 recent cases of suspected pulmonary embolism examined with CTVPA revealed an overall 10.5% frequency of DVT, with a nearly equal distribution of thrombosis at the common femoral, superficial femoral, popliteal, and deep calf veins. Although a variety of protocols for CTVPA may be implemented, including a contiguous helical acquisition, obtaining 5- or 10-mm-thick images every 4 cm provides a high degree of accuracy and decreases overall radiation dose.

Inner ear measurements in children with and without SNHL are not statistically different. Moreover, the measurements are difficult to interpret because while they demonstrate good reproducibility, they are susceptible to systematic biases. However, use of inner ear measurements is more sensitive in identifying vestibulocochlear dysplasias and should be considered to complement visual analysis.

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A rare source of potentially massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in women is advanced gynecologic malignancy. Such patients can develop gastrointestinal hemorrhage with or without prior pelvic irradiation, due to arteriocolic fistulas. Angiography permits the correct diagnosis and subsequent embolotherapy.

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This article describes the evaluation and treatment of injuries to the carotid and vertebral arteries. The diagnosis of the injured vessels by clinical and imaging methods is described. A variety of treatments including the use of stents is given. KEYWORDS:Trauma, vertebral artery, carotid artery rotid injury of 1.11% among patients admitted with blunt trauma. Another study 21 identified 67 patients with 87 blunt carotid injuries over a period of 11 years, for a rate of 0.67% where motor vehicle collision was the mechanism of injury and a rate of 0.33% for other blunt trauma. Prall and colleagues 16 found an incidence of 3.5% when carotid arteriography was performed in patients undergoing aortogram for blunt traumatic injury. The corresponding reported incidence of vertebral artery injury due to blunt trauma is 0. 77%. 11,20 Downloaded by: Collections and Technical Services Department. Copyrighted material.