Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dangerous condition involving pathological dilation of the aortic wall. Due to the asymptomatic course of this disease and the dangerous consequences of its rupture, it is important to identify its specific bio-markers expressed as early as possible. Different expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) were detected in patients diagnosed with AAA. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of other genes at the translation stage. miRNAs affecting translation can lead to abnormal remodeling of extracellular matrix, inhibition of the cell cycle, cell aging or intensified inflammation. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of microRNAs in the context of formation and development of abdominal aorta aneurysm and the possibility of using some miRNAs as bio-markers, and also provides basic information about miRNAs and aneurysms.
The incidences of prostate cancer (PC) and diabetes are increasing, with a sustained trend. The occurrence of PC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing with aging. The correlation between PC occurrence and diabetes is noteworthy, as T2DM is correlated with a reduced risk of incidence of prostate cancer. Despite this reduction, diabetes mellitus increases the mortality in many cancer types, including prostate cancer. The treatment of T2DM is based on lifestyle changes and pharmacological management. Current available drugs, except insulin, are aimed at increasing insulin secretion (sulfonylureas, incretin drugs), improving insulin sensitivity (biguanides, thiazolidinediones), or increasing urinary glucose excretion (gliflozin). Comorbidities should be taken into consideration during the treatment of T2DM. This review describes currently known information about the mechanism and impact of commonly used antidiabetic drugs on the incidence and progression of PC. Outcomes of pre-clinical studies are briefly presented and their correlations with available clinical trials have also been observed. Available reports and meta-analyses demonstrate that most anti-diabetic drugs do not increase the risk during the treatment of patients with PC. However, some reports show a potential advantage of treatment of T2DM with specific drugs. Based on clinical reports, use of metformin should be considered as a therapeutic option. Moreover, anticancer properties of metformin were augmented while combined with GLP-1 analogs.
WstępW celu oceny ogniska zakażenia <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection – CDI) w okresie od grudnia 2018 r. do lutego 2019 r. na oddziale chorób wewnętrznych szpitala powiatowego na Śląsku objęto badaniem materiały kliniczne od 5 pacjentów (6 stolców).Materiał i metodyZidentyfikowano izolaty <i>C. difficile</i>, geny kodujące dehydrogenazę glutaminianową (GDH) – <i>gluD</i>, toksyny A/B – <i>tcdA/tcdB</i> oraz geny <i>cdtA/cdtB</i> kodujące toksynę binarną, <i>ermB</i> wykryto za pomocą mPCR, a antybiotykooporność za pomocą E-testów.WynikiWśród pacjentów dominowały kobiety (4/5). Wszystkie szczepy <i>C. difficile</i> (6) należały do hiperepidemicznego rybotypu 027, we wszystkich szczepach wykazano obecność badanych genów oraz wykryto oporność na: moksyfloksacynę, erytromycynę, klindamycynę, ryfampicynę, imipenem i chloramfenikol.WnioskiUzyskane wyniki świadczą o szerzeniu się na oddziale hiperepidemicznego klonu <i>C. difficile</i> o rybotypie 027.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.