Aggregation-induced-emission-based fluorescent materials (AIEgens) have stimulated an enormous amount of interest in the fields of electroluminescent and photoluminescent device fabrication, biomedicine, chemosensing, and therapeutics over the past few years. Carbonaceous materials like inorganic nanoparticles, metal−organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, etc. are generally porous crystalline solids, in which molecular units are aligned in a specific direction by strong bonding. These materials offer various functionalities and complexities in their structures. The incorporation of AIEgens at a suitable position on these materials through various methods, such as covalent/coordinate bonds or noncovalent interactions, provides a particular geometry with specific arrangements. AIEgen-based composite materials offer a robust platform to study the underlying mechanisms of AIE. These types of materials are mostly used in the development of extremely fluorescent porous materials. In this Review, the preparation of AIEgen-incorporated smart materials and their luminescence properties, as well as applications of such materials, are discussed.
The infections caused by bacteria have affected human health severely. The bacterial infections spread either directly or indirectly by coming in contact with the food during packaging or by the use of medical devices. The efficient theranostic systems for bacteria provide therapeutic effects that have received attentions in the research field. In this prospect, the fluorescent materials have gained tremendous recognition in the biological applications due to their excellent species diversity, optical properties and high sensitivity. However, most of the conventional fluorophores suffer aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effects in the aggregated state. The opposite of ACQ is Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE), where AIEgens play an important role in the imaging, detecting and killing the bacteria as well. In this context, we have summarized the applications of AIEgens on multiple bacterial imaging, detection, discrimination and antibacterial activity to understand the modern theranostic system.
In this work a conducting electrochemical sensing probe, Cr-BDC-NH 2 @PANI composite material (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), was successfully synthesized by polymerization of conducting polyaniline (PANI) around the Cr-BDC-NH 2 material. The synthesized composite material was characterized by various analytical techniques. The Cr-BDC-NH 2 @PANI composite was successfully dropped cast on the surface of an inexpensive pencil graphite electrode (PGE) to detect the cadmium ions at trace level. The selectivity of proposed sensor observed towards cadmium ion is due to chelation mechanism operating between cadmium ions and amine groups. Under optimized condition, the proposed sensor is capable of measuring cadmium ions in aqueous as well as in human blood serum, plasma, and various water samples within the range of 0.50-32.5 μg L À 1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.20 μg L À 1 . The Cr-BDC-NH 2 @PANI composite material modified sensor shows high affinity and no interference with real samples.
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