The comparative conveyance losses between lined and unlined canals, impact of water saving on command area development and irrigation cost, and farmers' acceptability of lined canal in shallow tubewell (STW) irrigation schemes were studied during 2010-11 Boro season at three upazilas: Manikgonj Sadar of Manikgonj district, Dhamrai of Dhaka district and Mithapukur of Rangpur district. The conveyance loss was measured using inflow-outflow method and focus group discussion (FGD) was carried out with the pump owners and farmers to assess the impact of water saving on command area development and the acceptability of lined canal technology. Average conveyance losses were found to be 41, 48 and 45% in the existing earthen canals; 18, 21 and 24% in improved earthen canals; and 12, 11 and 13% in pre-cast canals at Mithapukur (M 1 ), Manikgonj Sadar (M 2 ) and Dhamrai (D) schemes, respectively. The water saving did not increase the command area in any of the schemes but reduced the irrigation time and saved fuel requirement for irrigation. On an average, 32, 23 and 30% fuel were saved by improved earthen canals where as 45, 46 and 48% were saved by pre-cast canals for M 1, M 2 and D schemes compared to earthen canal. The benefit-cost ratios of improved earthen canals were 1.36, 1.38 and 1.30 where as 3.36, 4.28 and 3.34 by pre-cast canals for M 1, M 2 and D schemes, respectively. The internal rate of return (IRR) from the investment on water distribution was over 50%. The lining technology was acceptable to pump owners, but did not impress the farmers who share the crop with the pump owners as price of irrigation or pay on the basis of irrigated area. In order to make the technology acceptable to the farmers, polices must be framed to share the benefits of lining by the pump owners with the farmers by reducing the price of irrigation water or through financial support of GO and NGOs for efficient use of STW irrigation system in Bangladesh.
A study was conducted to assess the irrigation water requirement of maize crop for different tillage practices. Irrigation water was applied at three-growth stages viz. treatment one (I 1 ), 20-25 days after sowing (DAS), treatment two (I 2 ), 45-50 DAS and treatment three (I 3 ), 80-85 DAS. Under I 1 Original Research Articleirrigation treatment with zero (T 1 ), minimum (T 2 ) and traditional (T 3 ) tillage practices, the seasonal water requirement was 26.3, 29.3 and 31.0 cm respectively. In I 2 treatment with T 1 , T 2 and T 3 tillage practices, water requirement was 34.5, 37.5 and 42.5 cm respectively and in I 3 treatment with T 1 , T 2 and T 3 tillage practices, water requirement were 46.3, 51.3 and 60.0 cm respectively. The highest yield was in I 3 treatment (8.3 t ha -1 ) which was similar to I 2 treatment (8.2 t ha -1 ) and the lowest was in I 1 treatment (7.3 t ha -1 ). In this study, no significance different was found in I 2 and I 3 treatment but in I 3 treatment required more 42 cm water than I 2 . From the economical analysis, the highest net return (USD/ha 1501.45) and the highest benefit cost ratio (3.1) were found in T 2 I 2 treatment combination. Therefore, T 2 I 2 (minimum tillage with two-time irrigation) treatment combination is the best suit for maximum water resources saving in maize cultivation without compromising with yield in Bangladesh at dry season (Rabi).
A model of evaporative cooling storage system was designed to increase potato shelf life for improving potato storage system. Two cultivars of potato 'Diamant' (100 gm and 51 gm per tuber) and 'LalPakri (23 gm and 11 gm per tuber) were placed on four shelves of the bin. Each shelf holds 240 kg of potato from 23 march 2013 to December 2013. Potato spoilage, sprouting, shrinkage, moisture content, vitamin C and total sugar content of potato were measured. Experimental results revealed that potato spoilage progressively increased from April to November and sprouting of potato gradually increased from June to October, but stopped in November. The cumulative spoilage and sprouting were much lower in the improved bin compared to traditional farmer's practices. Shrinkage of potato was found higher in farmer's practice than that of storage bin from October to November. Moisture content of potato was higher during May and reduced gradually to the lowest value during November in both of practices. No significant difference was found in two practices on vitamin-C content. Sugar content of 'Diamant; potato was lower in the storage bin during November. According to data analysis and regression curve storage bin model was more appropriate for both cultivars than farmer practice and significantly more appropriate for 'LalPakri' potato.
A study was conducted to make an overall assessment of aquifer, groundwater resources, and its optimum utilization as well as the potentiality of groundwater abstraction in Mymensingh sadar upazilla. The subsurface lithology was investigated from the collected data of twelve borelogs in the study area. The subsurface formation of the study area was stratified with clay, sandy clay and fine sand at the upper part while medium sand, coarse sand at the lower part of subsurface lithology. The thickness of clay and silty or sandy clay layers ranging from 6 m to 58 m having an average thickness of 33.8 m existed below the ground surface. The thickness of composite aquifer varied
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